CBSE SYLLABUS

The Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) is a national level board of education in India for public and private schools, controlled and managed by the Government of India. The board conducts the final examinations for Class 10 and Class 12 every year in the month of March. The board also prescribes the syllabus for the examinations. The syllabus for the examinations is designed to provide equal importance to academics, co-curricular activities, and other relevant knowledge for students.

Audience

The CBSE syllabus is designed for students of grades 1-12. It covers a variety of topics in the fields of Science, Mathematics, Social Science, English, Hindi, and other regional languages. The syllabus also includes topics related to physical education, health, art and craft, performing arts, and other activities.

Prerequisites

To begin studying for the CBSE syllabus, students must have a good foundation in the basics of the subject they are studying. This includes having a good understanding of basic concepts, prior knowledge of math equations, and general knowledge of the subject. Additionally, students should be familiar with the latest technology, such as computers and the internet, in order to maximize their learning potential. Finally, students should be organized, motivated, and focused to ensure successful completion of their studies.

CBSE 8th Class Social Science Syllabus

Unit 1: India and the Contemporary World – II

1. History 

  a. Events and Processes 

  b. People and Ideas

2. Geography

  a. Resources and Development

  b. Lifelines of National Economy 

3. Civics

  a. Democracy and Diversity 

  b. Gender, Religion and Caste

Unit 2: Understanding Economic Development

1. Economics 

  a. Resources and Development

  b. Development

2. Social Science

  a. Markets Around Us

  b. Money and Credit

  c. Globalization and the Indian Economy

Unit 3: Science

1. Science

  a. Food

  b. Materials

  c. The World of the Living

  d. Natural Resources 

  e. How Things Work

2. Technology 

  a. Effects of Technology

  b. Science and Technology

Unit 4: Disaster Management

1. Disaster Management 

  a. Understanding Disasters 

  b. Disasters and Its Management 

  c. Building Disaster Resilient Communities

  d. Mitigation of Disasters

CBSE 8th Class Science Syllabus

Science syllabus for CBSE 8th class is divided into three parts:

1.Chemistry:

* Matter in our Surroundings

* Is Matter Around Us Pure

* Atoms and Molecules 

* Structure of the Atom 

* The Fundamental Unit of Life

* Tissues 

* Diversity in Living Organisms 

* Motion 

* Force and Pressure 

* Light

* Sound 

* Chemical Effects of Electric Current 

* Some Natural Phenomena

2.Biology:

* Crop Production and Management

* Microorganisms: Friend and Foe

* Synthetic Fibres and Plastics 

* Materials 

* Metals and Non-metals 

* Coal and Petroleum 

* Combustion and Flame 

* Conservation of Plants and Animals

3.Physics:

* Gravitation 

* Work and Energy 

* Properties of Solids and Liquids 

* Heat 

* Magnetic Effects of Electric Current 

* Sources of Energy 

* Our Environment 

* Pollution of Air and Water

CBSE 8th Class Mathematics Syllabus

I. Number Systems

1. Rational Numbers

2. Prime Numbers

3. Linear Equations in One Variable

4. Linear Equations in Two Variables

5. Understanding Quadrilaterals

6. Data Handling

II. Algebra

1. Introduction to Algebra

2. Exponents

3. Polynomials

4. Factorization

5. Profit and Loss

III. Geometry

1. Lines and Angles

2. Triangles

3. Quadrilaterals

4. Areas of Parallelograms and Triangles

5. Circles

IV. Mensuration

1. Perimeter and Area

2. Surface Area and Volume

V. Data Handling

1. Graphs

2. Bar Graphs

3. Pie Charts

VI. Other Topics

1. Probability

2. Visualizing Solid Shapes

3. Congruence and Symmetry

4. Comparing Quantities

CBSE 8th Class English Literature Syllabus

1. Reading and Writing Skills:

a. Reading Comprehension

b. Grammar

c. Vocabulary

2. Literature:

a. Short Stories:

i. The Open Window by Saki

ii. The Necklace by Guy de Maupassant

iii. The Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin

b. Poems:

i. The Road Not Taken by Robert Frost

ii. The Tale of Custard the Dragon by Ogden Nash

iii. The Swing by Robert Louis Stevenson

c. Plays:

i. The Boy Who Cried Wolf by Aesop

ii. The Proposal by Anton Chekhov

iii. The Ant and the Grasshopper by Aesop

3. Grammar:

a. Parts of Speech

b. Tenses

c. Punctuation

d. Sentence Structure

4. Writing Skills:

a. Descriptive Writing

b. Narrative Writing

c. Persuasive Writing

d. Expository Writing

e. Report Writing

CBSE 9th Class Science Syllabus

The CBSE 9th Class Science Syllabus is divided into three sections: Physics, Chemistry, and Biology. 

Physics

1. Motion

2. Force and Laws of Motion

3. Gravitation

4. Work, Energy and Power

5. Sound

6. Light

7. Magnetic Effects of Electric Current

8. Sources of Energy

Chemistry

1. Basic Concepts in Chemistry

2. Structure of Atom

3. Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties

4. Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure

5. States of Matter

6. Thermodynamics

7. Chemical Equilibrium

8. Redox Reactions

9. Hydrogen

10. s-block Elements

11. Environmental Chemistry

Biology

1. Diversity in Living World

2. Structural Organisation in Animals and Plants

3. Cell: Structure and Function

4. Plant Physiology

5. Human Physiology

6. Reproduction

7. Genetics and Evolution

8. Biology and Human Welfare

9. Biotechnology and its Applications

10. Ecology and Environment

First Term Course Syllabus

Unit I: Matter – Its Nature & Behaviour

A. Matter

1. Definition of matter

2. States of matter

3. Physical and chemical properties of matter

4. Classification of matter

B. Behaviour of Matter

1. Diffusion

2. Osmosis

3. Evaporation

4. Intermolecular forces

5. Boiling and condensation

Unit II: Organisation in the Living World

1. Structural Organisation in Animals and Plants

2. Cell: The Unit of Life

3. Tissues

4. Diversity in Living Organisms

5. Classification of Living Organisms

6. Anatomy of Flowering Plants

7. Animal Tissues

Unit III: Motion, Force and Work

A. Motion:

1. Scalar and vector quantities.

2. Distance and displacement.

3. Speed and velocity.

4. Acceleration.

5. Uniform and non-uniform motion.

6. Uniformly accelerated motion, velocity-time and position-time graphs.

7. Graphical representation of motion.

B. Force:

1. Concept of force, types of forces.

2. Newton’s laws of motion.

3. Momentum and its conservation.

4. Impulse.

C. Work, Energy and Power:

1. Concept of work and energy.

2. Types of energy.

3. Kinetic energy and potential energy.

4. Conservation of energy.

5. Power.

Chapter III: Gravitation  

1. Gravitational force

2. Newton’s law of gravitation

3. Variation of gravitational force

4. Gravitational field

5. Acceleration due to gravity

6. Applications of gravitation

7. Escape velocity

8. Orbital velocity

9. Satellites

Unit IV: Food Production 

1. Nutrition in Plants:

-Nutrition in plants

-Absorption and transport of water and minerals

-Photosynthesis

-Respiration in plants

2. Nutrition in Animals:

-Nutrition in animals

-Digestion and absorption 

-Breathing and Respiration

3. Food Production and Management:

-Farming

-Animal husbandry

-Fish culture

-Silviculture

-Irrigation

-Pest control and management

-Preservation of food grains

-Food adulteration

Unit V: Our Environment

A. Natural Resources

1. Definition

2. Types of Natural Resources

3. Importance of Natural Resources

B. Conservation of Natural Resources

1. Definition

2. Need for Conservation

3. Methods of Conservation

C. Air Pollution

1. Definition

2. Causes of Air Pollution

3. Effects of Air Pollution

4. Prevention and Control of Air Pollution

D. Water Pollution

1. Definition

2. Causes of Water Pollution

3. Effects of Water Pollution

4. Prevention and Control of Water Pollution

E. Land Pollution

1. Definition

2. Causes of Land Pollution

3. Effects of Land Pollution

4. Prevention and Control of Land Pollution

F. Solid Waste Management

1. Definition

2. Causes of Solid Waste

3. Effects of Solid Waste

4. Methods of Solid Waste Management

CBSE 9th Class Social Science Syllabus

UNIT-1: India and the Contemporary World -I

A. History

1. India and the Contemporary World -I 

2. Events and Processes 

B. Geography

1. Resources and Development 

2. Agriculture 

3. Industries 

4. Human Resources 

UNIT-2: Contemporary India -I

A. History

1. Contemporary India -I 

2. Events and Processes 

B. Geography

1. Physical Features of India 

2. Drainage 

3. Climate 

4. Natural Vegetation and Wildlife 

UNIT-3: Democratic Politics -I

A. History

1. Democratic Politics -I 

2. Events and Processes 

B. Civics

1. Power Sharing 

2. Federalism 

3. Secularism 

4. Popular Struggles and Movements 

UNIT-4: Understanding Economic Development

A. Economics

1. Development – Meaning and Its Issues 

2. Sectors of Indian Economy 

3. Money and Credit 

4. Globalization and The Indian Economy 

5. Consumer Rights 

B. Business Studies

1. Forms of Business Organizations 

2. Private, Public and Global Enterprises 

3. Emerging Modes of Business 

4. Social Responsibility of Business and Business Ethics

CBSE 9th Class Mathematics Syllabus

Number System

1. Rational Numbers

2. Irrational Numbers

3. Real Numbers

4. Laws of Exponents for Real Numbers

Algebra

1. Linear Equations in One Variable

2. Linear Equations in Two Variables

3. Quadratic Equations

4. Arithmetic Progressions

Geometry

1. Triangles

2. Quadrilaterals

3. Circles

4. Areas related to Circles

5. Constructions

Mensuration

1. Areas of Parallelograms and Triangles

2. Areas of Squares, Rectangles and Circles

3. Surface Areas and Volumes

Statistics and Probability

1. Data Handling

2. Representation of Data

3. Mean, Median and Mode

4. Probability

CBSE 9th Class Language & Literature Syllabus

Language & Literature Syllabus for CBSE 9th Class 

1. Reading

a. Unseen passages 

b. Literary texts 

c. Supplementary Reader: Moments (Textbook)

2. Writing

a. Descriptive Writing 

b. Story Writing 

c. Report Writing 

d. Letter Writing 

e. Diary Entry 

f. Article Writing 

g. Dialogue Writing 

3. Grammar

a. Tenses 

b. Subject-Verb Agreement 

c. Modals 

d. Voice 

e. Narration 

f. Transformation of Sentences 

g. Prepositions 

h. Conjunctions 

i. Determiners 

j. Phrases 

k. Clauses

4. Literature

a. An Elementary School Classroom in a Slum 

b. The Adventure 

c. The Tiger King 

d. A Truly Beautiful Mind 

e. The Enemy 

f. Quality 

g. The Browning Version 

h. Keeping it From Harold 

i. Poems 

j. Glimpses of India 

k. The Miracle Worker 

l. The Last Lesson 

m. Deep Water 

n. The Summer of the Beautiful White Horse 

o. A Slumber Did My Spirit Seal 

p. The Rime of the Ancient Mariner 

5. Supplementary Reader

a. Rukmini 

b. The Ashes that Made Trees Bloom 

c. The Proposal 

d. Patol Babu, Film Star 

e. Going Places 

f. The Rat Trap 

g. The Rat and The Tiger 

h. The Beggar 

i. The Thief’s Story 

j. The Book That Saved The Earth 

k. Kathmandu 

l. The Adventure of Toto 

m. Packing 

n. Reach for the Top 

o. The Happy Prince 

p. The Thief’s Story 

q. The Story of Cricket 

r. The Midnight Visitor 

s. The Desert 

t. The Sermon at Benares

Pattern of Exams and Marks Distribution 

The pattern of exams and marks distribution in 9th CBSE are as follows:

• The term-end exam will be conducted in two parts, namely, Part A and Part B. 

• Part A will consist of short answer type questions, which will be worth 20 marks. 

• Part B will consist of long answer type questions, which will be worth 80 marks. 

• Each paper will carry a total of 100 marks. 

• The duration of each paper will be 3 hours. 

• The syllabus will be divided into two sections, namely, Internal Assessment (IA) and External Assessment (EA). 

• The IA component will carry 20 marks and the EA component will carry 80 marks. 

• The IA component will consist of oral and practical tests, which will be conducted by the school. 

• The EA component will consist of written tests, which will be conducted by the CBSE Board. 

• The IA component and the EA component will be evaluated separately.

CBSE 9th Class English Communicative Syllabus

I.Reading

1.Reading Unseen Passages 

2.Comprehension

3.Note Making

4.Summarizing

II.Writing

1.Writing Skills 

2.Letter Writing

3.Article Writing

4.Story Writing

III.Grammar

1.Verb 

2.Tenses 

3.Modals 

4.Active and Passive Voice 

5.Narration 

6.Question Tags

7.Articles 

8.Preposition

IV.Literature

1.Hornbill 

2.Snapshots

3.Unseen Prose

4.Unseen Poetry

5.Supplementary Reader

Distribution of Marks

Unit 1: A Letter to God

Reading: 10 Marks

Writing: 10 Marks 

Grammar: 10 Marks 

Vocabulary: 5 Marks

Unit 2: Three Questions

Reading: 10 Marks

Writing: 10 Marks 

Grammar: 10 Marks 

Vocabulary: 5 Marks 

Unit 3: From the Diary of Anne Frank

Reading: 10 Marks

Writing: 10 Marks 

Grammar: 10 Marks 

Vocabulary: 5 Marks

Unit 4: A Tiger in the Zoo

Reading: 10 Marks

Writing: 10 Marks 

Grammar: 10 Marks 

Vocabulary: 5 Marks 

Unit 5: The Story of Cricket

Reading: 10 Marks

Writing: 10 Marks 

Grammar: 10 Marks 

Vocabulary: 5 Marks 

Unit 6: My Childhood

Reading: 10 Marks

Writing: 10 Marks 

Grammar: 10 Marks 

Vocabulary: 5 Marks 

Total Marks: 70 Marks

Written Exam

1. Unseen Passage

2. Editing and Omission

3. Active and Passive Voice

4. Narration

5. Transformation of Sentences

6. Direct and Indirect Speech

7. Comprehension

8. Idioms and Phrases

9. One Word Substitution

10. Cloze Test

11. Spellings

12. Grammar

13. Spelling Errors

14. Punctuation

15. Vocabulary

16. Figures of Speech

CBSE 10th Class English Language and Literature Syllabus

SECTION A: READING

1. Reading Unseen Passages and Note-Making

2. Writing Skills:

a. Frame Sentences

b. Paragraph Writing

SECTION B: WRITING

1. Descriptive Writing

2. Report Writing

3. Transactional Writing

SECTION C: GRAMMAR

1. Tenses

2. Modals

3. Active and Passive Voice

4. Direct and Indirect Speech

5. Transformation of Sentences

6. Phrases and Idioms

7. Correction of Sentences

SECTION D: LITERATURE

1. Poetry

2. Novel

3. Short Stories

4. Plays

5. Supplementary Reading Text

SECTION E: SUPPLEMENTARY READING TEXT

1. The Last Lesson

2. The Letter

3. The Story of My Life

4. Glimpses of India

5. The Adventure

CBSE 10th Class English Language and Literature Syllabus

The CBSE 10th Class English Language and Literature Syllabus includes the following topics: 

1. Reading: 

a) Unseen Prose Passage 

b) Unseen Poetry 

c) Supplementary Reader 

2. Writing: 

a) Formal Letters/Applications 

b) Informal Letters 

c) Paragraph Writing 

d) Article Writing 

3. Grammar: 

a) Tenses 

b) Modals 

c) Articles 

d) Subject-Verb Agreement 

e) Narration 

f) Preposition 

g) Phrases and Idioms 

h) Active and Passive Voice 

4. Literature: 

a) Prose 

b) Poetry 

c) Drama 

d) Supplementary Reader 

5. Oral Work: 

a) Conversation 

b) Listening Comprehension 

c) Group Discussion 

d) Debate 

e) Story Telling 

f) Recitation 

6. Supplementary Reader: 

a) Summary 

b) Unseen Passage 

c) Comprehension 

d) Vocabulary

CBSE 10th Class Mathematics Syllabus

1. Number Systems

2. Algebra

3. Coordinate Geometry

4. Geometry

5. Trigonometry

6. Mensuration

7. Statistics & Probability

8. Integers

9. Fractions & Decimals

10. Rational Numbers

11. Practical Geometry

12. Lines & Angles

13. Quadrilaterals

14. Areas of Parallelograms and Triangles

15. Circles

16. Constructions

17. Heron’s Formula

18. Surface Areas & Volumes

19. Statistics

20. Probability

Course Structure

Unit 1- Number Systems

1. Real Numbers 

2. Polynomials 

3. Pair of Linear Equations in Two Variables 

4. Quadratic Equations 

5. Arithmetic Progression 

6. Triangles 

7. Coordinate Geometry 

8. Introduction to Trigonometry 

Unit 2- Algebra 

1. Introduction to Algebra 

2. Factorization 

3. Exponents and Powers 

4. Direct and Inverse Proportions 

Unit 3- Geometry 

1. Lines and Angles 

2. Triangles 

3. Quadrilaterals 

4. Areas of Parallelograms and Triangles 

5. Circles 

6. Constructions 

7. Surface Areas and Volumes 

Unit 4- Mensuration 

1. Mensuration 

2. Statistics 

Unit 5- Data Handling 

1. Data Handling 

2. Probability 

Unit 6- Practical Geometry 

1. Practical Geometry 

Unit 7- Miscellaneous 

1. Miscellaneous 

2. Logarithms 

3. Elementary Number Theory 

4. Introduction to Mathematical Reasoning 

5. Set Theory 

6. Mathematical Modeling 

7. Computer Applications in Mathematics

CBSE 10th Class Social Science Syllabus

I. History 

A. India and the Contemporary World

1. Events and Processes 

2. Themes in Indian History

3. Social Change and Development in India

B. Contemporary India

1. India: Size and Location 

2. Physical Features of India 

3. Drainage 

4. Climate 

5. Natural Vegetation 

6. Population 

7. Resources 

II. Geography 

A. Resources and Development 

1. Land, Soil, Water, Natural Vegetation and Wild Life Resources 

2. Mineral and Power Resources 

3. Agriculture 

4. Industries 

5. Transport and Communication 

B. India: People and Economy 

1. Population 

2. Poverty 

3. Food Security 

4. Infrastructure 

5. Employment 

III. Political Science 

A. Power Sharing 

1. Federalism 

2. Unitary System 

3. Local Self Governments 

4. Democracy and Diversity 

B. Secularism 

1. Meaning and Features 

2. Emergence of Secularism in India 

C. Democracy and Rights 

1. Meaning and Types of Government 

2. Democracy in India 

3. Rights: Meaning and Types 

4. Fundamental Rights 

IV. Economics 

A. Development 

1. Meaning and Measures of Development 

2. Development in India 

3. Human Development 

B. Money and Credit 

1. Money 

2. Credit 

3. Banking 

C. Globalization and the Indian Economy 

1. Meaning and Features 

2. Impact of Globalization on Indian Economy

CBSE 10th Class Science Syllabus

SECTION A: 

1. Food: Where does it come from?

2. Materials: Metals and Non-Metals

3. Fibre to Fabric

4. Separation of Substances

5. Reaching the Age of Adolescence

6. Force and Pressure

7. Fun with Magnets

8. Light, Shadows and Reflection

9. Electricity and Circuits

10. Air Around Us

11. Working With Plants

12. Life Processes

13. Control and Coordination

14. How do Organisms Reproduce?

15. Heredity and Evolution

SECTION B: 

1. Sources of Energy

2. Our Environment

3. Management of Natural Resources

4. Components of Food

5. Synthetic Fibres and Plastics

6. Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases

7. Conservation of Plants and Animals

8. Transportation

9. Reproductive Health

10. Microorganisms: Friend and Foe

11. Pollution of Air and Water

12. Disaster Management

CBSE 11th Class Accountancy Syllabus

1. Introduction to Accounting

2. Theory Base of Accounting

3. Accounting for Not-for-Profit Organizations

4. Accounting for Partnership Firms

5. Accounting for Companies

6. Financial Statement Analysis

7. Computerised Accounting System

8. Cash Flow Statement

9. Marginal Costing and Break-Even Analysis

10. Budgetary Control

11. Inflation Accounting

12. Accounting Ratios

13. Accounting Standards

Course Structure 

I. Introduction to Accounting

A. History of Accounting

B. Accounting Principles and Concepts

C. Financial Statements

D. Accounting Equation

II. Financial Accounting

A. The Accounting Cycle

B. Preparation of Financial Statements

C. Analysis of Financial Statements

D. Cash Flow Statement

III. Managerial Accounting

A. Cost Accounting

B. Budgeting and Forecasting

C. Variance Analysis

D. Performance Measurement

IV. Auditing

A. Internal Controls

B. Auditing Procedures

C. Reporting Standards

D. Auditing Standards

V. Tax Accounting

A. Types of Taxes

B. Tax Planning

C. Tax Returns

D. Tax Management

VI. International Accounting

A. International Financial Reporting Standards

B. Comparative Accounting

C. International Taxation

D. Transfer Pricing

CBSE 11th Class Biology Syllabus

The CBSE syllabus for Class 11 Biology is divided into two parts – Theory and Practical. 

Theory Syllabus: 

1. Diversity in the Living World 

2. Structural Organisation in Plants and Animals 

3. Cell: Structure and Function 

4. Plant Physiology 

5. Human Physiology 

6. Reproduction 

7. Genetics and Evolution 

8. Biology and Human Welfare 

9. Biotechnology and its Applications 

10. Ecology and Environment

Practical Syllabus: 

1. To study the diversity in the living world 

2. To study the structure and function of a cell 

3. To study the structure and function of the plant organs 

4. To study the structure and function of the human organs 

5. To study the genetics and inheritance 

6. To study the techniques of biotechnology 

7. To study the human diseases 

8. To study the human nutrition 

9. To study the environmental pollution and its control 

10. To study the biodiversity 

11. To study the life processes in plants and animals 

12. To study the practices of agriculture and its improvement.

Course Structure

I. Introduction to Biology

A. What is Biology?

B. History of Biology

II. Cell Biology

A. Cell Theory

B. Cell Structure and Function

C. Cell Division

III. Genetics

A. Inheritance Patterns

B. DNA Structure and Function

C. Chromosomes and Genes

IV. Evolution

A. Natural Selection

B. Origin of Species

C. Speciation

V. Ecology

A. Biotic and Abiotic Factors

B. Population Dynamics

C. Ecosystems

VI. Human Biology

A. Anatomy and Physiology

B. Nutrition

C. Diseases and Pathogens

VII. Plant Biology

A. Plant Structure and Function

B. Photosynthesis

C. Plant Reproduction

VIII. Animal Biology

A. Animal Structure and Function

B. Animal Reproduction

C. Animal Behavior

IX. Microbiology

A. Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

B. Viruses and Bacteria

C. Microbial Metabolism

X. Laboratory Techniques

A. Experiments and Analysis

B. Microscopy

C. Biotechnology

CBSE 11th Class Biotechnology Syllabus

1. Introduction to Biotechnology

2. Microorganisms

3. Enzymes

4. Genetic Engineering

5. Bioprocesses

6. Industrial Applications of Biotechnology

7. Environmental Biotechnology

8. Biotechnological Techniques

9. Bioinformatics

10. Molecular Diagnostics

11. Immunology

12. Cancer and Gene Therapy

13. Plant and Animal Biotechnology

14. Bioethics

15. Industrial Perspectives

Course Structure-CBSE 11th Class Biotechnology Syllabus

Part-A

Unit 1: Introduction to Biotechnology

• Definition and scope of biotechnology

• Historical perspective

• Biotechnology and its applications

• Biotechnology and human health

• Biotechnological industries

Unit 2: Cells and Organelles

• Cell structure and functions

• Cell organelles and their functions

• Cell membrane

• Membrane transport

• Nucleus and nucleolus

• Mitochondria

• Ribosomes

• Endoplasmic reticulum

• Golgi apparatus

• Lysosomes

• Vacuoles

• Chloroplasts

Part-B

Unit 3: Genetics and Molecular Biology

• Mendelian genetics

• Types of inheritance

• Chromosomal basis of inheritance

• Gene expression

• Genetic engineering

• DNA technology

• DNA cloning and applications

• Protein engineering

• Genomics

• Proteomics

Unit 4: Microbiology

• Microorganisms-definition, classification and importance

• Microbial genetics

• Microbial metabolism and growth

• Microbial physiology

• Microbial diseases

• Microbial control and its applications

Unit 5: Biochemical Techniques

• Enzymes-definition and properties

• Enzyme kinetics

• Enzyme technology

• Chromatography-principles and types

• Electrophoresis

• Biochemical assays

• Immunoassays

• Spectroscopy

• Recombinant DNA technology

Unit 6: Plant and Animal Biotechnology

• Plant tissue culture

• Plant biotechnology

• Animal biotechnology

• Plant and animal cell culture

• Transgenic plants and animals

• Bioinformatics

Unit 7: Industrial Biotechnology

• Fermentation technology

• Biofertilizers

• Biopesticides

• Bioenergy

• Bioremediation

• Biosensors

CBSE 11th Class Business Studies Syllabus

Part A: Fundamentals of Business

1. Nature and Purpose of Business

2. Forms of Business Organisation

3. Public, Private and Global Enterprises

4. Business Services

Part B: Business Environment

1. Social Responsibilities of Business and Business Ethics

2. Principles of Management

3. Business in Global Environment

4. Disaster Management

Part C: Private, Public and Global Enterprises

1. Private Sector Enterprises

2. Public Sector Enterprises

3. Multinational Corporations

4. Small Business

Part D: Finance and Trade

1. Sources of Business Finance

2. International Business

3. Export Import Procedures and Documentation

4. Banking

Part E: Project Work

1. Business Plan

2. Business Report Writing

3. Business Presentations

Course Structure

Part A: Principles & Functions of Management

1. Principles of Management

2. Nature and Significance of Management

3. Business Environment

4. Planning

5. Organizing

6. Staffing

7. Directing

8. Controlling

Part B: Business Finance and Marketing

1. Financial Management

2. Financial Markets

3. Business Services

4. Market Environment

5. Marketing Concepts

6. Advertising and Sales Promotion

7. Consumer Protection

Part C: Business Production and Operation Management

1. Production Management

2. Operation Management

3. Project Management

4. Quality Management

5. Maintenance Management

Part D: Information Technology and System

1. Computer Hardware and Software

2. e-Commerce

3. Networking

4. System Analysis and Design

5. Database Management

6. System Security and Ethical Issues

CBSE 11th Class Chemistry Syllabus

The syllabus for CBSE Class 11 Chemistry is as follows:

Part I:

1. Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry

2. Structure of Atom

3. Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties

4. Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure

5. States of Matter

6. Thermodynamics

7. Equilibrium

8. Redox Reactions

9. Hydrogen

Part II:

1. s-Block Elements (Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals)

2. p-Block Elements

3. d and f Block Elements

4. Coordination Compounds

5. Environmental Chemistry

Part III:

1. Solid State

2. Solutions

3. Electrochemistry

4. Chemical Kinetics

5. Surface Chemistry

6. General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements

7. p-Block Elements

8. d and f Block Elements

9. Haloalkanes and Haloarenes

10. Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers

11. Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids

12. Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen

13. Biomolecules

14. Polymers

15. Chemistry in Everyday Life

Course Structure

1. Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry 

2. Structure of Atom 

3. Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties 

4. Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure 

5. States of Matter: Gases and Liquids 

6. Thermodynamics 

7. Equilibrium 

8. Redox Reactions 

9. Hydrogen 

10. s-Block Elements 

11. Some p-Block Elements 

12. Organic Chemistry: Some Basic Principles and Techniques 

13. Hydrocarbons 

14. Environmental Chemistry 

15. Solid State 

16. Solutions 

17. Electrochemistry 

18. Chemical Kinetics 

19. Surface Chemistry 

20. General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements 

21. p-Block Elements 

22. d and f Block Elements 

23. Coordination Compounds 

24. Haloalkanes and Haloarenes 

25. Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers 

26. Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids 

27. Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen 

28. Biomolecules 

29. Polymers 

30. Chemistry in Everyday Life

CBSE 11th Class Computer Science Syllabus

UNIT 1: Computer Fundamentals

1. Introduction to Computer

2. Computer Organization

3. Number System

4. Data Representation

5. Computer Memory

6. Computer Hardware

7. Computer Software

UNIT 2: Programming Methodology

1. Introduction to Programming

2. Algorithm and Flowchart

3. Programming Fundamentals

4. Introduction to C Programming

5. Control Structures

6. Arrays

7. Functions

UNIT 3: Database Management System

1. Introduction to Database

2. Database Design & Normalization

3. SQL Queries

4. Database Security

5. Database Applications

UNIT 4: Computer Networks

1. Introduction to Computer Networks

2. Network Topologies

3. Network Protocols

4. Network Security

5. Network Applications

UNIT 5: Web Technologies

1. Introduction to Web Technologies

2. HTML

3. CSS

4. XML

5. JavaScript

6. Web Designing

7. Web Security

UNIT 6: Operating System

1. Introduction to Operating System

2. Processes and Threads

3. Memory Management

4. File System

5. Security

6. Virtualization

7. Distributed Operating System

UNIT 7: Computer Architecture

1. Introduction to Computer Architecture

2. Pipelining

3. Cache Memory

4. Input/Output

5. Parallel Processing

6. Interfacing

7. Computer Performance

Course Structure

Unit 1 – Computer Fundamentals

1. Introduction to Computers

2. Computer Hardware

3. Computer Software

4. Operating System

5. Computer Network

6. Internet and Web Design

Unit 2 – Programming Concepts

1. Algorithm and Flowcharts

2. Problem Solving Techniques

3. Program Design

4. Programming Logic

5. Introduction to C Programming

6. Variables and Data Types

7. Operators and Expressions

8. Control Statements

9. Functions

Unit 3 – Database Management System

1. Introduction to Database

2. Data Modeling

3. Database Design

4. SQL Queries

Unit 4 – Office Automation

1. Introduction to Office Automation

2. Word Processing

2. Spreadsheet

3. Presentation

Unit 5 – Cyber Security

1. Cyber Security Concepts

2. Cyber Crime

3. Privacy and Security

4. Firewalls and Network Security

Unit 6 – Project Work

1. Project Planning

2. System Analysis

3. System Design

4. Implementation

5. Testing and Documentation

CBSE 11th Class Economics Syllabus

Unit I:  Introduction 

• Introduction to Economics 

• Basic Concepts 

Unit II:  Microeconomics 

• Demand, Supply and Price 

• Elasticity of Demand 

• Theory of Consumer Behaviour 

• Production and Cost 

• Price Determination in Different Markets 

• Theory of Factor Pricing 

Unit III:  Macroeconomics 

• Introduction to Macroeconomics 

• National Income 

• Money and Banking 

• Determination of Income and Employment 

• Government Budget and Economy 

• Balance of Payments 

Unit IV:  Indian Economy 

• India’s Five Year Plans 

• Economic Reforms Since 1991 

• Poverty 

• Unemployment 

• Inflation 

• Human Development 

• Sustainable Development 

Unit V:  Globalization and the Indian Economy 

• Introduction to Globalization 

• Globalization and Liberalization 

• Impact of Globalization on Indian Economy 

• Challenges of Globalization 

Unit VI:  Contemporary Issues in Indian Economy 

• Privatization 

• Disinvestment 

• Public Sector Enterprises 

• Globalization of Indian Financial Markets 

• India’s Trade with the World 

• Foreign Direct Investment 

• Issue of Population Explosion 

• Food Security 

• Role of Information Technology in Economic Development 

• Environmental Degradation 

• Challenge of Corruption and Black Money

Unit VII: Project Work 

1. Economic Survey of India 

2. Economics of a Social Problem 

3. Study of an Economic Institution 

4. Study of a Market

CBSE 11th Class Engineering Graphics Syllabus

The CBSE 11th Class Engineering Graphics Syllabus is as follows:

Module 1: Introduction to Engineering Graphics

• Introduction to Engineering Graphics

• Computer Aided Design (CAD)

• Orthographic Projections

• Auxiliary Projections

• Isometric Projections

• Intersection of Planes

• Development of Surfaces

• Multi View Drawings

• Sectional Views

• Dimensioning

• Assembly Drawings

Module 2: Geometric Constructions and Transformation

• Geometric Constructions

• Transformation of Axes

• Transformation of Solids

• Curvilinear Motion

• Use of Computer Graphics

• Design and Animation

• Introduction to Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM)

Module 3: Geometric Modeling

• Introduction to Geometric Modeling

• Representation of Objects

• Constructive Solid Geometry (CSG)

• Boundary Representation (B-Rep)

• Wireframe Modeling

• Surface Modeling

• Solid Modeling

• Finite Element Method (FEM)

• Computer Aided Process Planning (CAPP)

Module 4: Engineering Drawings

• Introduction to Engineering Drawings

• Geometrical Tolerance and Dimensioning

• Tolerances and Conventions

• Standardization in Drawing

• Drawing of Machine Components

• Assembly Drawings

• Dimensioning of Machined Parts

• Detail Drawings

• Drawing of Fasteners

• Drawing of Power Transmission Elements

• Drawing of Machine Tools

Module 5: Drafting

• Introduction to Drafting

• Types of Drafting

• Manual Drafting

• Computer Aided Drafting

• Types of Views

• Drawing Instruments

• Lettering and Dimensioning

• Sectioning

• Dimensioning

• Assembly Drawings

• Isometric Drawing

• Orthographic Drawing

• Auxiliary View Drawings

• Computer Aided Drafting (CAD)

Course Structure

1. Introduction to Engineering Graphics and Drawing Instruments: Basic concepts of engineering graphics and the use of drawing instruments such as scales, compasses, protractors, etc. 

2. Geometric Construction: Construction of geometric shapes such as circles, triangles, rectangles, etc. using drawing instruments.

3. Orthographic Projection: Principles of orthographic projection and its applications in engineering drawing.

4. Pictorial Drawing: Representation of three-dimensional objects in two-dimensional drawings using isometric and oblique projections.

5. Dimensioning: Techniques of dimensioning in engineering drawings such as linear, angular, radial and diametral dimensions.

6. Free Hand Sketching: Techniques of sketching objects in two dimensions.

7. Computer Aided Drafting (CAD): Introduction to the use of CAD software for engineering drawings.

8. Computer Aided Design (CAD): Introduction to the use of CAD software for 3D modeling.

9. Curves: Representation of curves in engineering drawings and its applications.

10. Miscellaneous: Miscellaneous topics related to engineering graphics and drawing.

CBSE 11th Class English Elective Syllabus

Section A – Reading

1. Prose

a. A Visit to Cambridge by Alan Paton

b. Chivvy by Anita Desai

c. The Room of Many Colours by Ruskin Bond

2. Poetry

a. The Wasteland by T.S. Eliot

b. The White Man’s Burden by Rudyard Kipling

c. To His Coy Mistress by Andrew Marvell

Section B – Writing

1. Descriptive Writing

a. Describing a place

b. Describing a person

c. Describing an event

2. Narrative Writing

a. Narrating a story

b. Writing a dialogue

c. Writing a personal experience

3. Creative Writing

a. Writing a fable

b. Writing a poem

c. Writing a short story

Section C – Grammar

1. Parts of Speech

a. Nouns

b. Verbs

c. Adjectives

d. Pronouns

e. Adverbs

f. Prepositions

g. Conjunctions

2. Tenses

a. Simple present

b. Present continuous

c. Simple past

d. Past continuous

e. Simple future

f. Future continuous

3. Punctuation

a. Commas

b. Semicolons

c. Colons

d. Apostrophes

e. Quotation marks

f. Hyphens

Section D-  Assessment of Speaking and Listening Skills (ASL)

It is recommended that speaking and listening skills should be regularly taught in the class.

CBSE 11th Class English Core Syllabus

UNIT-1: READING

1. Reading Comprehension

2. Summary Writing

3. Note Making

4. Paragraph Writing

UNIT-2: WRITING

1. Descriptive/Narrative Writing

2. Letter Writing

3. Article Writing

4. Dialogue Writing

UNIT-3: GRAMMAR

1. Tense

2. Active and Passive Voice

3. Narration

4. Transformation of Sentences

5. Prepositions

6. Auxiliaries

7. Modals

8. Connectors

UNIT-4: LITERATURE

1. Prose

2. Poetry

3. Drama

4. Supplementary Reading

5. Literary Appreciation and Analysis

Course Structure

The CBSE 11th Class English Core course comprises of the following units:

1. Reading Skills: This section deals with building reading skills and awareness of different types of texts. It covers topics such as close reading, scanning, skimming and other reading skills.

2. Writing Skills: This section focuses on developing writing skills such as paragraph writing, essay writing, letter writing, report writing, and other forms of writing.

3. Literature: This section focuses on classical and contemporary literature. It covers topics such as poetry, prose, drama and fiction.

4. Grammar and Vocabulary: This section focuses on developing the knowledge and skills related to grammar and vocabulary. It covers topics such as parts of speech, sentence structure, and usage of vocabulary.

5. Textual Analysis: This section deals with understanding the structure and theme of any given text. It includes topics such as character analysis, plot analysis, and theme.

6. Communication Skills: This section covers topics related to communication skills such as group discussion, debate, presentation skills and public speaking.

7. Literary Appreciation: This section focuses on the appreciation of various forms of literature such as poetry, drama, fiction, and non-fiction.

CBSE 11th Class Entrepreneurship Syllabus

Unit I

1. Introduction to Entrepreneurship

2. Entrepreneurial Characteristics

3. Ecosystem of Entrepreneurship

4. Opportunity Recognition

Unit II

1. Ideation and Generating Ideas

2. Types of Businesses

3. Product and Services

4. Business Model Canvas

Unit III

1. Market Research

2. Feasibility Analysis

3. Market Segmentation

4. Target Market

Unit IV

1. Business Plan

2. Sources of Finance

3. Business Registration

4. Types of Legal Formats

Unit V

1. Business Organisation

2. Human Resource Management

3. Financial Management

4. Strategic Management

Unit VI

1. Risk Management

2. Quality Assurance

3. Customer Relationship Management

4. Business Ethics

Unit VII

1. Social Entrepreneurship

2. Green Entrepreneurship

3. Challenges of Entrepreneurship

4. Women Entrepreneurship

Course Structure

1. Introduction to Entrepreneurship 

2. Roles and Responsibilities of an Entrepreneur 

3. Understanding the Business Environment 

4. Entrepreneurial Opportunities and Challenges 

5. Business Planning 

6. Sources of Finance 

7. Managing Business Operations 

8. Setting Up and Running a Business 

9. Financial Planning and Control 

10. Understanding the Market 

11. Organizing and Managing Human Resources 

12. Risk Analysis and Management 

13. Strategic Management 

14. Starting a New Venture 

15. Technology for Entrepreneurs 

16. Quality Management 

17. Social Entrepreneurship 

18. Innovation and Entrepreneurship

CBSE 11th Class Geography Syllabus

Part A: Fundamentals of Geography

1. Nature and Scope of Geography

2. Planet Earth

3. Maps and Map Work

Part B: India – Physical Environment

1. Physiography

2. Climate

3. Natural Vegetation and Wildlife

4. Soils

5. Landforms

6. Water Resources

7. Minerals and Energy Resources

Part C: India – Human Environment

1. Population

2. Human Activities

3. Transport, Communication and Trade

4. Regional Development

Part D: World

1. Geographical Perspective on Selected Issues and Problems

2. Geographical Perspectives on World Environments

3. World Population

Course Structure

The Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) 11th Class Geography Syllabus is as follows:

Unit I: Fundamentals of Human Geography

1. Geography as a Discipline

2. Basic Concepts of Human Geography

3. Population

4. Settlement

Unit II: India – People and Economy

1. Resources, Agriculture and Industry

2. Transport and Communication

3. Human Development

Unit III: India – Environment

1. Physical Environment

2. Natural Hazards and Disasters

3. India’s Biodiversity

4. Climate Change

Unit IV: India – Human Development

1. Poverty

2. Urbanization

3. Health and Human Resources

Unit V: World Geography

1. World Population

2. World Resources

3. World Trade and Economy

4. World Environment

Unit VI: Regional Geography

1. Regionalization

2. Regional Development

3. Case Studies of World Regions

Unit VII: Practical Work

1. Map Work

2. Field Work

3. Project Work

CBSE 11th Class History Syllabus

Unit I: India and the Contemporary World-I

1. The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

2. The Nationalist Movement in Indo-China

3. Nationalism in India

Unit II: Events and Processes

1. The First War of Independence 1857

2. Social and Religious Reforms

3. The Rise of the Indian National Congress

Unit III: Understanding Partition

1. The Partition of Bengal 1905

2. The Partition of India 1947

Unit IV: India after Independence

1. India’s Constitutional Development

2. Challenges to the Indian State

3. Economy and Society since 1947 

Unit V: Print Culture and the Modern World

1. The Emergence of Print Culture

2. Newspapers and Magazines

3. Novels, Story-telling and Folksongs

Course Structure

Unit 1: India and the Contemporary World – I

1. Events and Processes

2. The Rise of Nationalism in Europe

3. The Nationalist Movement in Indo-China

4. Nationalism in India

Unit 2: Themes in Indian History – I

1. The Story of the First Cities

2. The Central Asian Invaders

3. The Establishment of the Delhi Sultanate

4. The Mughal Empire

5. Regional Cultures

Unit 3: Themes in Indian History – II

1. The Advent of the Europeans

2. The Advent of Modern Education

3. The Indian Response to British Rule

4. Social and Cultural Developments in the 19th Century

Unit 4: Themes in Indian History – III

1. The Making of the Indian Constitution

2. India Since Independence

3. India’s External Relations

4. Challenges to the Indian State

Unit 5: India and the Contemporary World – II

1. The Making of a Global World

2. The Age of Industrialization

3. The Age of Globalization

4. The New World Order

CBSE 11th Class Home Science Syllabus

UNIT I: Food and Nutrition

1. Nutritional Requirements 

2. Balanced Diet 

3. Nutritional Deficiencies 

4. Food Adulteration 

5. Food Preservation and Processing

UNIT II: Fabric and Apparel

1. Fibers 

2. Yarns 

3. Fabric Construction 

4. Types of Fabrics 

5. Care of Fabric and Garments

UNIT III: Home Management

1. Home Economics 

2. Principles of Home Management 

3. Home Maintenance 

4. Home Budgeting 

5. Consumer Education

UNIT IV: Human Development

1. Human Growth and Development 

2. Adolescence 

3. Marriage and Parenthood 

4. Environmental Influences on Human Development

UNIT V: Home Science Extension

1. Home Science Extension 

2. Home Science Extension Education 

3. Communication and Extension Services 

4. Community Service Projects 

5. Evaluation of Home Science Extension Projects

CBSE 11th Class Legal Studies Syllabus

Unit I: Introduction

1. Nature and Sources of Law

2. Schools of Jurisprudence

Unit II: Constitution

1. Salient Features

2. Fundamental Rights

3. Directive Principles of State Policy

4. Fundamental Duties

Unit III: Legislature

1. Parliament

2. State Legislature

Unit IV: Executive

1. Union Executive

2. State Executive

Unit V: Judiciary

1. Supreme Court

2. High Courts

3. Subordinate Courts

Unit VI: Alternative Dispute Resolution

1. Conciliation

2. Arbitration

3. Lok Adalats

Unit VII: International Law

1. Sources of International Law

2. International Organizations

3. Human Rights

Unit VIII: Legal Profession

1. Legal Profession in India

2. Bar Council of India

3. Advocates Act, 1961

Unit IX: Consumer Protection

1. The Consumer Protection Act, 1986

2. Consumer Disputes Redressal Agencies

Unit X: Environment Protection

1. Environmental Policy

2. Environmental Laws

3. Environmental Protection Act, 1986

CBSE 11th Class Mathematics Syllabus

1. Sets, Relations and Functions

2. Trigonometric Functions

3. Principle of Mathematical Induction

4. Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations

5. Linear Inequalities

6. Permutations and Combinations

7. Binomial Theorem

8. Sequence and Series

9. Straight Lines

10. Conic Sections

11. Introduction to Three Dimensional Geometry

12. Limits and Derivatives

13. Mathematical Reasoning

14. Statistics

15. Probability

Course Structure

Chapter 1: Sets

• Types of Sets

• Finite and Infinite Sets

• Subsets

• Union and Intersection of Sets

• Complement of a Set

• Power Set

Chapter 2: Relations and Functions

• Types of Relations

• Types of Functions

• Domain and Range of a Function

• Graphs of Functions

• Inverse of a Function

Chapter 3: Trigonometry

• Introduction to Trigonometry

• Trigonometric Ratios

• Trigonometric Identities

• Heights and Distances

• Inverse Trigonometry

Chapter 4: Principle of Mathematical Induction

• Introduction to Mathematical Induction

• Principle of Mathematical Induction

• Application of Principle of Mathematical Induction

Chapter 5: Complex Numbers

• Introduction to Complex Numbers

• Representation of Complex Numbers

• Operations on Complex Numbers

• Quadratic Equations

Chapter 6: Linear Inequalities

• Introduction to Linear Inequalities

• Graphical Representation of Linear Inequalities

• Solution of Linear Inequalities

Chapter 7: Permutations and Combinations

• Introduction to Permutations and Combinations

• Permutations

• Combinations

Chapter 8: Binomial Theorem

• Introduction to Binomial Theorem

• Binomial Expansion

• Binomial Theorem for Positive Integral Indices

Chapter 9: Sequence and Series

• Introduction to Sequence and Series

• Arithmetic Progression

• Geometric Progression

• Harmonic Progression

Chapter 10: Straight Lines

• Introduction to Straight Lines

• Equation of a Straight Line

• Distance Formula

• Section Formula

• Angle Between Two Straight Lines

Chapter 11: Conic Sections

• Introduction to Conic Sections

• Parabola

• Ellipse

• Hyperbola

Chapter 12: Introduction to Three Dimensional Geometry

• Introduction to Three Dimensional Geometry

• Distance between Two Points

• Direction Cosines and Direction Ratios

• Equation of a Plane

Chapter 13: Limits and Derivatives

• Introduction to Limits and Derivatives

• Concept of Limit

• Derivatives

• Differentiation Rules

• Application of Derivatives

Chapter 14: Statistics

• Introduction to Statistics

• Mean, Median and Mode

• Probability

• Probability Distributions

• Correlation

Chapter 15: Probability

• Introduction to Probability

• Bayes’ Theorem

• Random Variables

• Binomial Distribution

• Normal Distribution• Probability Rules

CBSE 11th Class Philosophy Syllabus

1. Introduction to Philosophy 

2. Indian Philosophy

    a) Vedic Philosophy

    b) Buddhist Philosophy

    c) Jain Philosophy

    d) Carvaka/Lokayata

3. Western Philosophy

    a) Pre-Socratic Greek Philosophers

    b) Plato and Aristotle

    c) Hellenistic Philosophers

    d) Modern Philosophers

4. Contemporary Indian Philosophy

    a) Neo-Vedanta

    b) Neo-Hinduism

    c) Positivism

    d) Existentialism

5. Values and Ethics

    a) Basic Concepts of Values and Ethics

    b) Ethics and Morality

    c) Social Justice

    d) Human Rights

    e) Environmental Ethics

6. Logic

    a) Deductive and Inductive Reasoning

    b) Symbolic Logic

    c) Fallacies

7. Metaphysics

    a) Nature of Reality

    b) Nature of Mind

    c) Nature of Space and Time

    d) Nature of Causality

8. Epistemology

    a) Nature of Knowledge

    b) Sources of Knowledge

    c) Theory of Justification

9. Aesthetics

    a) Nature of Beauty

    b) Principles of Art

    c) Appreciation of Art

Course Structure

Unit 1 – Introduction to Philosophy

1. What is Philosophy?

2. Branches of Philosophy

3. Methodology of Philosophical Enquiry 

Unit 2 – Indian Philosophy

1. Pre-Vedic Indian Thought

2. Vedic Philosophy

3. Upanishads

4. The Buddha and Jainism

5. The Six Schools of Indian Philosophy

Unit 3 – Western Philosophy

1. Pre-Socratic Philosophy

2. Plato and Aristotle

3. Hellenistic Period

4. Medieval Period

5. Modern Period

Unit 4 – Logic

1. Basic Concepts of Logic

2. Validity of Arguments

3. Categorical Propositions

4. Rules of Inference

Unit 5 – Epistemology

1. Meaning and Sources of Knowledge

2. Theories of Knowledge

3. Perception

4. Reasoning

Unit 6 – Ethics

1. Meaning and Scope of Ethics

2. Theories of Ethics

3. Meta-ethics

4. Normative Ethics

5. Application of Ethical Principles

Unit 7 – Political Philosophy

1. Meaning and Scope of Political Philosophy

2. Theories of State

3. Rights and Liberty

4. Principles of Justice

Unit 8 – Metaphysics

1. Meaning and Scope of Metaphysics

2. Theories of Reality

3. Ontology

4. Cosmology

CBSE 11th Class Physical Education Syllabus

Unit I: Introduction to Physical Education: 

1. Meaning of Physical Education 

2. Scope and Objectives 

3. Physical Education- Its Significance and Relationship with Education 

4. Benefits of Physical Education 

Unit II: Anatomy and Physiology: 

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology 

2. Muscular System 

3. Skeletal System 

4. Nervous System 

5. Respiratory System 

6. Circulatory System 

7. Digestive System 

8. Excretory System 

Unit III: Health: 

1. Introduction to Health 

2. Components of Health 

3. Health and Well Being 

4. Health Related Fitness 

5. Factors Affecting Health 

6. Health Risk Factors 

7. Health Promotion 

Unit IV: Sports and Games: 

1. Introduction to Sports and Games 

2. Types of Sports and Games 

3. Rules and Regulations 

4. Sportsmanship and Fair Play 

5. Basic Skills and Tactics 

6. Safety Measures 

Unit V: Movement and Dance: 

1. Introduction to Movement and Dance 

2. Types of Movement and Dance 

3. Components of Movement and Dance 

4. Elements of Movement and Dance 

5. Creative Expression in Movement and Dance 

Unit VI: Outdoor Adventure Activities: 

1. Introduction to Outdoor Adventure Activities 

2. Types of Outdoor Adventure Activities 

3. Equipment and Safety Measures 

4. Leadership and Group Dynamics 

5. Risk Management in Adventure Activities 

Unit VII: Yoga, Relaxation and Meditation: 

1. Introduction to Yoga, Relaxation and Meditation 

2. Benefits of Yoga, Relaxation and Meditation 

3. Principles and Techniques of Yoga, Relaxation and Meditation 

4. Practices of Yoga, Relaxation and Meditation 

Unit VIII: Sports Psychology: 

1. Introduction to Sports Psychology 

2. Motivation in Sports 

3. Concentration and Self Confidence 

4. Goal Setting & Stress Management 

5. Aggression and Emotional Control 

6. Leadership and Team Building

Course Structure

1. Introduction to Physical Education

2. Fundamentals of Physical Education

3. Anatomy and Physiology

4. Exercise Physiology

5. Biomechanics

6. Sports Psychology

7. Motor Learning and Control

8. Health Related Physical Fitness

9. Nutrition and Health

10. Fitness Testing and Exercise Prescription

11. Exercise Training and Evaluation

12. Sports Management

13. Coaching and Officiating

14. Sport Injuries and First Aid

15. Outdoor Education and Adventure Sports

16. Aquatics

17. Individual and Dual Sports

18. Team Sports

19. Yoga, Martial Arts and Gymnastics

20. Life Skills Education through Sports

CBSE 11th Class Sociology Syllabus

Unit I: Introduction to Sociology

A. Introduction

• Definition of sociology, its scope and nature

• Relationship between sociology and other social sciences

• Approaches to the study of society

• Different perspectives of sociology

B. Theoretical Perspectives

• Introduction to social theory

• Structural Functionalism: Talcott Parsons, Robert Merton

• Conflict Theory: Karl Marx, Max Weber

• Symbolic Interactionism: George Herbert Mead

• Feminist Theory: Simone de Beauvoir, Judith Butler

Unit II: Society and Social Changes

A. Social Institutions

• Introduction to the concept of social institutions

• Family, Religion, Education, Economy, Politics and Law

• Impact of social change on social institutions

B. Social Movements

• Introduction to the concept of social movements

• Types of social movements: Reformative, Revolutionary, Collective, Communal

• Impact of social movements on society

Unit III: Social Stratification and Inequality

A. Social Stratification

• Introduction to the concept of social stratification

• Types of stratification: Caste, Class, Gender

• Impact of stratification on society

B. Social Inequality

• Introduction to the concept of social inequality

• Types of inequality: Economic, Political, Cultural

• Impact of inequality on society

Unit IV: Social Groups and Social Processes

A. Social Groups

• Introduction to the concept of social groups

• Types of social groups: Primary, Secondary, Reference

• Impact of social groups on society

B. Social Processes

• Introduction to the concept of social processes

• Types of social processes: Socialization, Acculturation, Assimilation

• Impact of social processes on society

Unit V: Social Control and Deviance

A. Social Control

• Introduction to the concept of social control

• Types of social control: Informal, Formal

• Impact of social control on society

B. Deviance

• Introduction to the concept of deviance

• Types of deviance: Normative, Cultural, Criminal

• Impact of deviance on society

Course Structure

A. Theory 

1. Introduction to Sociology 

2. Socialization 

3. Social Institutions 

4. Social Stratification 

5. Culture 

6. Social Change 

7. Population 

8. Environment and Society 

9. Development

B. Practical 

1. Field Work 

2. Study of Social Groups 

3. Study of Social Problems 

4. Newspaper Analysis 

5. Collection and Analysis of Data 

6. Collection of Primary Data 

7. Preparation of Report 

8. Case Study 

9. Library Work 

10. Group Discussion

CBSE 11th Class Psychology Syllabus

UNIT I: FOUNDATION OF PSYCHOLOGY

1. Introduction to Psychology

2. Perspectives in Psychology

3. Methods of Enquiry in Psychology

UNIT II: BRAIN AND BEHAVIOUR

1. Neuron and Nerve Impulse

2. Structure and Functions of Brain

3. Endocrine System and Behaviour

UNIT III: LEARNING

1. Classical Conditioning

2. Operant Conditioning

3. Cognitive Learning

UNIT IV: MEMORY

1. Nature of Memory

2. Stages of Memory

3. Forgetting

UNIT V: MOTIVATION AND EMOTION

1. Nature of Motivation

2. Theories of Motivation

3. Nature of Emotion

4. Theories of Emotion

UNIT VI: THINKING AND INTELLIGENCE

1. Nature of Thinking

2. Theories of Intelligence

3. Measurement of Intelligence

UNIT VII: PERSONALITY

1. Nature of Personality

2. Theories of Personality

3. Assessment of Personality

UNIT VIII: SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY

1. Nature of Social Behaviour

2. Attitude, Prejudice and Stereotyping

3. Group Processes

4. Interpersonal Communication

Course Structure-CBSE 11th Class Psychology Syllabus

Unit 1: Introduction to Psychology

1. Nature and Scope of Psychology 

2. History and Schools of Psychology

Unit 2: Methods of Psychology

1. Methods of Psychology

2. Experimental Research

Unit 3: Sensation and Perception

1. Introduction to Sensation and Perception 

2. Theories of Sensation and Perception

Unit 4: Learning

1. Introduction to Learning 

2. Classical Conditioning 

3. Operant Conditioning 

4. Social Learning Theory

Unit 5: Memory

1. Introduction to Memory 

2. Types of Memory

Unit 6: Thinking and Problem Solving

1. Introduction to Thinking and Problem Solving 

2. Decision Making

Unit 7: Motivation and Emotion

1. Introduction to Motivation 

2. Theories of Motivation 

3. Introduction to Emotion 

4. Theories of Emotion

Unit 8: Developmental Psychology

1. Introduction to Developmental Psychology 

2. Physical Development

3. Cognitive Development

4. Social and Emotional Development

Unit 9: Personality

1. Introduction to Personality 

2. Theories of Personality 

Unit 10: Social Psychology

1. Introduction to Social Psychology 

2. Group Dynamics 

3. Attitude and Attitude Change

Unit 11: Psychological Disorders

1. Introduction to Psychological Disorders 

2. Types of Psychological Disorders 

3. Treatment of Psychological Disorders

CBSE 11th Class Political Science Syllabus

Unit 1 – Indian Constitution: An Overview

1. Introduction

2. The Making of the Constitution

3. Salient Features of the Constitution

a. Preamble

b. Fundamental Rights

c. Directive Principles of State Policy

d. Fundamental Duties

e. Judicial Review

f. Amendment Procedure

4. Union and Its Territory

5. Citizenship

6. Emergency Provisions

7. Centre-State Relations

8. Judicial System

Unit 2 – Rights and Duties of Citizens

1. Introduction

2. Rights of Citizens

a. Political Rights

b. Civil Rights

c. Social and Economic Rights

3. Duties of Citizens

4. Political Participation

Unit 3 – Working of Democracy

1. Introduction

2. Electoral Process

a. Election Commission

b. Electoral Rolls

c. Polling

d. Counting of Votes

3. Political Parties

4. Pressure Groups

5. Nature of Indian Democracy

6. Constitutional Bodies

a. Union Public Service Commission

b. State Public Service Commissions

c. Election Commission

d. Comptroller and Auditor General

7. Lok Sabha

8. Rajya Sabha

Unit 4 – Federalism

1. Introduction

2. Meaning of Federalism

3. Origin and Development of Federalism

4. Salient Features of Federalism

5. Role of Centre and States

6. Inter-State Relations

7. Crisis of Centre-State Relations

Unit 5 – Local Government

1. Introduction

2. Meaning of Local Government

3. 73rd Amendment Act

4. Panchayati Raj

5. Municipal Government

6. Role of Local Governments

Unit 6 – International Relations

1. Introduction

2. Meaning and Scope of International Relations

3. Factors Influencing International Relations

4. India in International Relations

5. Bilateral and Multilateral Relations

6. India and the United Nations

Course Structure- CBSE 11th Class Political Science Syllabus

I.Foundation Course

1. Indian Constitution

2. The Union and Its Territory

3. The Indian Political System

4. Political Parties and Pressure Groups

5. Social Justice

II.Core Course

1. Challenges of Nation Building

2. Popular Struggles and Movements

3. Political Thought: From Plato to Marx

4. International Relations and World Politics

5. India and its Neighbours

III.Elective Course

1. Indian Foreign Policy

2. Globalization and the Indian Economy

3. Federalism in India

4. Regionalism

5. Environmental Politics

CBSE 11th Class Physics Syllabus

Unit 1: Physical World and Measurement

1. Nature of Physical World

2. Units and Measurement

3. Motion in a Straight Line

4. Motion in a Plane

5. Laws of Motion

6. Work, Energy and Power

7. System of Particles and Rotational Motion

8. Gravitation

9. Mechanics of Solids and Fluids

Unit 2: Oscillations and Waves

1. Oscillations

2. Waves

Unit 3: Electrostatics

1. Electrostatics

2. Current Electricity

Unit 4: Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism

1. Magnetic Effects of Current

2. Magnetism

Unit 5: Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents

1. Electromagnetic Induction

2. Alternating Currents

Unit 6: Electromagnetic Waves

1. Electromagnetic Waves

Unit 7: Optics

1. Reflection of Light

2. Refraction of Light

3. Optical Instruments

4. Wave Optics

Unit 8: Dual Nature of Matter and Radiations

1. Dual Nature of Matter and Radiations

Unit 9: Atoms and Nuclei

1. Atoms

2. Nuclei

Unit 10: Electronic Devices

1. Electronic Devices

Unit 11: Communication Systems

1. Communication Systems

Course Structure

1. Physical World and Measurement

2. Kinematics

3. Laws of Motion

4. Work, Energy and Power

5. Motion of System of Particles and Rigid Body

6. Gravitation

7. Properties of Bulk Matter

8. Thermodynamics

9. Behavior of Perfect Gas and Kinetic Theory

10. Oscillations and Waves

11. Electromagnetic Waves

12. Electrostatics

13. Current Electricity

14. Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism

15. Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents

16. Optics

17. Dual Nature of Matter and Radiation

18. Atoms and Nuclei

19. Electronic Devices

20. Communication Systems

CBSE 11th Class Agriculture Syllabus

Unit I: Agronomy

1. Introduction to Agronomy

2. Soil and climate

3. Soil fertility and fertilizer management

4. Principles of crop production

5. Crop improvement

6. Weed management

7. Plant protection

Unit II: Horticulture

1. Introduction to Horticulture

2. Principles and practices of fruit production

3. Principles and practices of vegetable production

4. Principles and practices of flower production

5. Post-harvest technology

Unit III: Animal Husbandry

1. Introduction to Animal Husbandry

2. Animal nutrition

3. Animal health and disease management

4. Dairy husbandry

Unit IV: Fisheries

1. Introduction to Fisheries

2. Principles and practices of fish farming

3. Fish nutrition

4. Fish health and disease management

Unit V: Forestry

1. Introduction to Forestry

2. Silviculture

3. Forest management

4. Forest products and their utilization

Unit VI: Agricultural Economics

1. Introduction to Agricultural Economics

2. Agricultural Markets

3. Agricultural Finance

4. Agricultural Policies and Planning

Unit VII: Extension

1. Introduction to Extension

2. Extension Methods

3. Communication Skills

4. Leadership and Group Dynamics

Course Structure

Unit 1: Soil Resource Management

1. Soil resources: significance, classification

2. Soil formation: Factors and processes

3. Soil profile: characteristics, horizons

4. Soil properties and testing

5. Soil fertility: Nature and management

6. Soil erosion: Types and management

7. Soil pollution: Sources, impacts and management

Unit 2: Crop Production

1. Crop production: Concepts, scope and importance

2. Agro Climatic requirements of crop plants

3. Principles and practices of crop production

4. Crop rotation and intercropping

5. Soil and water conservation

6. Weed, pest and disease management

7. Seed technology

Unit 3: Animal Husbandry

1. Animal husbandry: Concepts, scope and importance

2. Breeds and breeds improvement

3. Feeding, nutrition and management

4. Breeding and reproduction

5. Livestock products, by-products and their utilization

6. Livestock health and disease control

Unit 4: Agricultural Extension

1. Agricultural extension: Concepts, scope and importance

2. Communication and dissemination of information

3. Extension methods and approaches

4. Participatory approaches to extension

5. Gender and extension

6. Role of agricultural extension in sustainable agriculture

Unit 5: Agricultural Economics

1. Agricultural economics: Concepts, scope and importance

2. Farm management

3. Production economics

4. Marketing of agricultural products

5. Price analysis and forecasting

6. Farm business analysis

7. Environmental economics

CBSE 11th Class Multimedia and Web Technology Syllabus

Unit 1: Introduction to Multimedia

• Definition of multimedia

• Types of multimedia

• Applications of multimedia

• Components of multimedia

• Audio, video and graphics

• Basic concepts of multimedia

Unit 2: Basics of HTML

• Introduction to HTML

• HTML tags and attributes

• Working with HTML

• CSS

• Creating webpages with HTML

Unit 3: Advanced HTML

• Introduction to JavaScript

• Working with forms

• Displaying images

• Working with tables

• Hyperlinks

• Working with frames

Unit 4: Introduction to Flash

• Introduction to Flash

• Flash tools and features

• Drawing and animation

• Working with motion tweens

• Working with text

• Working with symbols

Unit 5: Advanced Flash

• Working with sound

• Working with video

• Working with ActionScript

• Working with 3D effects

• Publishing a Flash movie

Unit 6: Introduction to Dreamweaver

• Introduction to Dreamweaver

• Working with Dreamweaver

• Working with images

• Working with tables

• Working with forms

• Working with links

Unit 7: Advanced Dreamweaver

• Working with templates

• Working with CSS

• Working with Behaviors

• Working with frames

• Working with Libraries

• Publishing a website

Unit 8: Introduction to Photoshop

• Introduction to Photoshop

• Working with layers

• Working with selections

• Working with brushes

• Working with filters

• Working with type

Unit 9: Advanced Photoshop

• Working with masks

• Working with paths

• Working with drawing tools

• Working with 3D objects

• Working with color

• Preparing images for the web

Course Structure

A. Theory

Unit 1: Introduction to Multimedia

• Overview of Multimedia

• Multimedia Elements

• Multimedia Software

• Multimedia Applications

Unit 2: Multimedia Authoring

• Multimedia Authoring Tools

• Multimedia Design Process

• Multimedia File Formats

• Multimedia Elements

Unit 3: Multimedia Applications

• Multimedia in Education

• Multimedia in Business

• Multimedia in Entertainment

• Multimedia in Art and Culture

Unit 4: Web Technology

• Introduction to Web Technology

• HTML and CSS

• Web Design and Development

• Web Applications

Unit 5: Web Design and Development

• Web Design Concepts

• Web Development Tools

• Web Servers

• Web Scripting Languages

B. Practicals

• Designing a Multimedia Presentation

• Designing a Web page using HTML and CSS

• Developing a Web Application using Scripting Languages

• Creating a Multimedia Project using Authoring Tools

CBSE 12th Class Accountancy Syllabus

Unit 1: Accounting for Partnership Firms – Fundamentals 

1. Introduction to Partnership 

2. Partnership Deed 

3. Profit and Loss Appropriation Account 

4. Admission of a Partner 

5. Retirement/Death of a Partner 

6. Dissolution of a Partnership Firm 

Unit 2: Accounting for Not-for-Profit Organisations 

1. Introduction to Non-Profit Organizations 

2. Receipts and Payments Account 

3. Income and Expenditure Account 

4. Balance Sheet 

Unit 3: Accounting for Companies 

1. Introduction to Company Accounts 

2. Issue of Shares 

3. Forfeiture of Shares 

4. Reissue of Forfeiture Shares 

5. Issue of Debentures 

6. Redemption of Debentures 

Unit 4: Financial Statements of a Company 

1. Final Accounts – Trading and Profit and Loss Account 

2. Balance Sheet 

3. Cash Flow Statement 

Unit 5: Computerized Accounting 

1. Introduction to Computerised Accounting 

2. Features of Computerised Accounting System 

3. Use of Tally ERP 9 

Unit 6: Financial Analysis 

1. Introduction to Financial Analysis 

2. Ratio Analysis 

3. Funds Flow Analysis 

4. Cash Flow Analysis

Course Structure

Chapter 1:  Introduction to Accounting

1.1 Meaning and Scope of Accounting

1.2 Accounting Concepts and Conventions

1.3 Accounting Process

1.4 Journal and Ledger

1.5 Trial Balance

Chapter 2: Theory Base of Accounting

2.1 Accounting Equation

2.2 Receipts and Payments Account

2.3 Difference between Capital and Revenue Expenditure

2.4 Final Accounts of Sole Proprietorship

Chapter 3: Bank Reconciliation Statement

3.1 Meaning of Bank Reconciliation Statement

3.2 Preparation of Bank Reconciliation Statement

3.3 Errors Detected by Bank Reconciliation Statement

Chapter 4: Depreciation Accounting

4.1 Meaning of Depreciation

4.2 Factors Affecting Depreciation

4.3 Methods of Depreciation

Chapter 5: Inventories

5.1 Meaning of Inventory

5.2 Valuation of Inventory

5.3 Stock Taking

Chapter 6: Accounting for Not-for-Profit Organizations

6.1 Meaning of Not-for-Profit Organizations

6.2 Receipts and Payments Account

6.3 Income and Expenditure Account

6.4 Balance Sheet

Chapter 7: Company Accounts

7.1 Meaning of Company Accounts

7.2 Formation of a Company

7.3 Shares and Debentures

7.4 Final Accounts of a Company

Chapter 8: Accounting for Partnerships

8.1 Meaning of Partnership

8.2 Formation of a Partnership

8.3 Difference between Partnership and Company

8.4 Admission of a Partner

8.5 Retirement and Death of a Partner

8.6 Final Accounts of Partnership Firm

Chapter 9: Accounting Ratios

9.1 Meaning of Accounting Ratios

9.2 Types of Accounting Ratios

9.3 Interpretation of Accounting Ratios

Chapter 10: Hire Purchase and Installment Purchase

10.1 Meaning of Hire Purchase and Installment Purchase

10.2 Accounting Treatment of Hire Purchase and Installment Purchase

10.3 Difference between Hire Purchase and Installment Purchase

Chapter 11: Computerised Accounting System

11.1 Meaning of Computerised Accounting System

11.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of Computerised Accounting System

11.3 Features of Computerised Accounting System

Chapter 12: Cash Flow Statement

12.1 Meaning of Cash Flow Statement

12.2 Preparation of Cash Flow Statement

12.3 Uses of Cash Flow Statement

CBSE 12th Class Biology Syllabus

Unit I: Diversity in the Living World (5 Marks)

1. Taxonomy

2. Five kingdom classification

3. Morphological and anatomical adaptations

4. Binomial nomenclature

Unit II: Structural Organisation in Plants and Animals (20 Marks)

1. Animal Tissues

2. Plant Tissues

3. Morphology of Flowering Plants

4. Anatomy of Root, Stem and Leaf

Unit III: Cell Structure and Function (15 Marks)

1. Cell Structure

2. Cell Division

3. Cell Membrane Transport

4. Cell Organelles

Unit IV: Plant Physiology (20 Marks)

1. Photosynthesis

2. Respiration

3. Transport of substances in Plant

4. Plant Growth and Development

Unit V: Human Physiology (20 Marks)

1. Digestion and Absorption

2. Excretion and Osmoregulation

3. Nervous system

4. Endocrine System

Unit VI: Genetics and Evolution (20 Marks)

1. Mendelian Inheritance

2. Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

3. Molecular Basis of Inheritance

4. Evolution

Unit VII: Biology and Human Welfare (20 Marks)

1. Principles of Health and Hygiene

2. Human Diseases

3. Human Reproduction

4. Biotechnology and its Applications

Unit VIII: Biotechnology and its Applications (10 Marks)

1. Principles of Biotechnology

2. Applications of Biotechnology

3. Genetic Engineering

Course Structure

Unit I: Diversity in the Living World

1. Introduction

2. Biological Classification

3. Plant Kingdom

4. Animal Kingdom

5. Morphology of Flowering Plants

6. Structural Organisation in Animals

Unit II: Structural Organisation in Plants and Animals

1. Cell: Structure and Function

2. Tissues

3. Anatomy of Flowering Plants

4. Structural Organisation in Animals

Unit III: Cell Structure and Function

1. Cell-The Unit of Life

2. Biomolecules

3. Enzymes

4. Nucleic Acids

5. Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Unit IV: Plant Physiology

1. Transport in Plants

2. Mineral Nutrition

3. Photosynthesis

4. Respiration

5. Plant Growth and Development

6. Reproduction in Plants

Unit V: Human Physiology

1. Digestion and Absorption

2. Breathing and Exchange of Gases

3. Body Fluids and Circulation

4. Excretory Products and their Elimination

5. Locomotion and Movement

6. Neural Control and Coordination

7. Chemical Coordination and Integration

Unit VI: Genetics and Evolution

1. Mendelian Inheritance

2. Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance

3. Molecular Basis of Inheritance

4. Evolution

5. Human Health and Diseases

Unit VII: Biology in Human Welfare

1. Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production

2. Microbes in Human Welfare

3. Biotechnology: Principles and Processes

4. Biotechnology and its Applications

5. Organisms and Populations

6. Ecosystem

7. Biodiversity and Conservation

CBSE 12th Class Biotechnology Syllabus

Part A: Fundamentals of Biotechnology

1. Basic Biological Concepts

2. Basic Chemistry

3. Introduction to Biotechnology

4. Biomolecules

5. Enzymes and Metabolism

6. Cell Structure and Function

7. Molecular Biology

8. Genetic Engineering

Part B: Applied Biotechnology

1. Bioprocess Technology

2. Bioproducts

3. Industrial Biotechnology

4. Environmental Biotechnology

5. Medical Biotechnology

6. Plant and Animal Biotechnology

7. Bioinformatics and Computational Biology

8. Food and Bioprocess Technology

Course Structure 

Part 1: Core Subjects

1. Biomolecules: Structure, functions and metabolism

2. Genetic Material: Structure, Replication, Expression and Regulation

3. Cell Biology: Structure, Organisation and Function

4. Microbiology: Organisms, Processes and Products

5. Plant and Animal Biotechnology

6. Industrial Biotechnology

7. Immunology

8. Molecular Diagnostics

Part 2: Applied Subjects

1. Bioinformatics

2. Computational Biology

3. Bioprocess Technology

4. Enzyme Technology

5. Downstream Processing

6. Genetic Engineering

7. Tissue Culture

8. Bioethics and Intellectual Property Rights

CBSE 12th Class Business Studies Syllabus

I. Business Studies

1. Nature and Purpose of Business

2. Forms of Business Organisation

3. Private, Public and Global Enterprises

4. Business Services

5. Emerging Modes of Business

II. Social Responsibility and Business Ethics

1. Concepts of Business Ethics

2. Corporate Social Responsibility and Business Ethics

3. Environment Protection

III. Planning

1. Features of Business Planning

2. Process of Business Planning

3. Types of Plans

IV. Organising

1. Organizational Structures

2. Departmentation

3. Delegation of Authority

4. Decentralization

V. Staffing

1. Human Resource Planning

2. Recruitment and Selection

3. Training and Development

4. Performance Appraisal

VI. Directing

1. Principles of Management

2. Supervision

3. Motivation

4. Leadership

VII. Controlling

1. Meaning and Definition of Control

2. Steps in Control Process

3. Techniques of Control

VIII. Financial Management

1. Sources of Business Finance

2. Financial Planning

3. Capital Structure

4. Working Capital Management

IX. Marketing Management

1. Marketing Concepts

2. Market Segmentation

3. Product Mix

4. Pricing

5. Promotion

X. Consumer Protection

1. Meaning and Definition of Consumer Protection

2. Rights of Consumers

3. Redressal of Consumer Grievances

XI. Project Work

1. Identification of Problem

2. Collection and Analysis of Data

3. Report Writing

Course Structure

Unit 1: Nature and Significance of Management

• The nature, purpose and importance of management

• Managerial roles and functions

• Evolution of management thought

• Management in Indian context

Unit 2: Principles of Management

• Principles of management

• Organization structure and design

• Nature of planning

• Process of decision making

• Different types of plans

• Principles of organization

Unit 3: Business Environment

• Meaning and importance of business environment

• Different components of business environment

• Internal and external environment

• Impact of changing environment on business

• Strategies to deal with changing environment

Unit 4: Planning

• Meaning and importance of planning

• Objectives of planning

• Process of planning

• Different types of plans

• Decision making and problem solving

Unit 5: Organizing

• Meaning and importance of organizing

• Process of organizing

• Different types of organization structure

• Authority and responsibility

• Delegation of authority

Unit 6: Staffing

• Meaning and importance of staffing

• Process of staffing

• Recruitment and selection

• Training and development

• Performance appraisal

Unit 7: Directing

• Meaning and importance of directing

• Process of directing

• Leadership styles

• Motivation

• Communication

Unit 8: Controlling

• Meaning and importance of controlling

• Process of controlling

• Types of control

• Techniques of controlling

• Control of performance and efficiency

Unit 9: Financial Management

• Meaning and importance of financial management

• Sources and uses of finance

• Financial planning and budgeting

• Capital structure

• Working capital management

Unit 10: Project Management

• Meaning and importance of project management

• Project selection and planning

• Project implementation

• Project control and monitoring

• Project evaluation and review

CBSE 12th Class Chemistry Syllabus

Unit I: Solid State

1. General Characteristics of Solid State

2. Classification of Solids

3. Structure of Crystalline Solids

4. X-ray Diffraction

5. Unit Cell

6. Space Lattice and Unit Cell Parameters

7. Imperfections in Solids

8. Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Solids

9. Band Theory of Metals

Unit II: Solutions

1. Introduction to Solutions

2. Types of Solutions

3. Raoult’s Law

4. Abnormal Molecular Mass and Colligative Properties

5. Elevation of Boiling Point

6. Depression of Freezing Point

7. Osmosis and Osmotic Pressure

Unit III: Electrochemistry

1. Introduction to Electrochemistry

2. Conductance of Electrolytic Solutions

3. Electrolysis

4. Galvanic Cells

5. Corrosion

6. Batteries

Unit IV: Chemical Kinetics

1. Introduction to Chemical Kinetics

2. Rate of Reaction

3. Factors Affecting Rate of Reaction

4. Collision Theory

5. Chain Reactions

Unit V: Surface Chemistry

1. Adsorption

2. Surface Tension

3. Emulsions

4. Colloidal Solutions

Unit VI: General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements

1. Introduction to General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements

2. Principles of Metallurgy

Unit VII: p-Block Elements

1. Group 13 Elements

2. Group 14 Elements

3. Group 15 Elements

4. Group 16 Elements

5. Group 17 Elements

6. Group 18 Elements

Unit VIII: d- and f-Block Elements

1. Transition Elements

2. Inner Transition Elements

Unit IX: Coordination Compounds

1. Introduction to Coordination Compounds

2. Nomenclature

3. Isomerism

4. Stability of Complexes

5. Bonding in Coordination Compounds

Unit X: Haloalkanes and Haloarenes

1. Introduction to Haloalkanes and Haloarenes

2. Physical Properties

3. Chemical Reactions

Unit XI: Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers

1. Introduction to Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers

2. Physical Properties

3. Chemical Reactions

Unit XII: Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids

1. Introduction to Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids

2. Physical Properties

3. Chemical Reactions

Unit XIII: Amines

1. Introduction to Amines

2. Physical Properties

3. Chemical Reactions

Unit XIV: Biomolecules

1. Introduction to Biomolecules

2. Carbohydrates

3. Proteins

4. Vitamins

5. Hormones

Unit XV: Polymers

1. Introduction to Polymers

2. Classification of Polymers

3. Synthetic Polymers

4. Natural Polymers

Course Structure

UNIT 1: 

1. Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry

2. Structure of Atom

3. Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties

4. Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure

5. States of Matter

6. Thermodynamics

7. Equilibrium

8. Redox Reactions

UNIT 2: 

1. Hydrogen 

2. s-Block Elements

3. Some p-Block Elements

4. Organic Chemistry – Some Basic Principles and Techniques

5. Hydrocarbons

6. Environmental Chemistry

UNIT 3: 

1. Solid State

2. Solutions 

3. Electrochemistry

4. Chemical Kinetics

5. Surface Chemistry

6. General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements

7. p-Block Elements

8. d and f Block Elements

9. Coordination Compounds

UNIT 4: 

1. Haloalkanes and Haloarenes

2. Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers

3. Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids

4. Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen

5. Biomolecules

6. Polymers

7. Chemistry in Everyday Life

CBSE 12th Class Economics Syllabus

Unit 1: Introductory Microeconomics

1. Introduction to Economics

2. Theory of Consumer Behaviour

3. Theory of Production and Costs

4. Markets and Pricing

Unit 2: Indian Economic Development

1. Economic Reforms and Indian Economy

2. Money and Banking

3. Human Capital Formation in India

4. Sustainable Development

5. Inclusive Growth

Unit 3: Macroeconomics

1. National Income Accounting

2. Money and Banking

3. Determination of Income and Employment

4. Government Budget and the Economy

5. Balance of Payments

Unit 4: International Trade and Finance

1. International Trade

2. Foreign Exchange Market

3. Balance of Payments

4. International Financial Institutions

Unit 5: Project Work

1. Project Work on any topic related to Economics

Course Structure

Part A: Macroeconomics

Unit 1: Introduction

• Meaning and Definition of Economics

• Nature and Scope of Economics

• Central Problems of an Economy

• Production Possibility Curve

• Fundamental Economic Concepts

• Basic Economic Terminologies

Unit 2: Theory of Demand and Supply

• Demand and Supply

• Determinants of Demand

• Determinants of Supply

• Equilibrium of Demand and Supply

• Price Elasticity of Demand and Supply

• Factors Affecting Elasticity of Demand

Unit 3: Theory of Production and Cost

• Introduction to Production Function

• Law of Variable Proportions

• Returns to Scale

• Cost Concepts

• Types of Cost

• Revenue Concepts

• Profit Maximization

Unit 4: Market Structure

• Perfect Competition

• Monopoly

• Monopolistic Competition

• Oligopoly

• Pricing and Output Decisions in Different Market Structures

Part B: Indian Economic Development

Unit 5: Indian Economy – A Profile

• Introduction to Indian Economy

• Sectoral Distribution of GDP

• Human Development

• Poverty

• Unemployment

• Inflation

• Foreign Trade

Unit 6: Planning in India

• Introduction to Planning

• Objectives of Planning

• Five Year Plans

• Economic Reforms since 1991

• Evaluation of Planning

Unit 7: Money and Banking

• Meaning and Functions of Money

• Banking System in India

• RBI and its Functions

• Credit Creation by Banks

• Banker-Customer Relationship

• Non-Banking Financial Intermediaries

Unit 8: Current Challenges Facing Indian Economy

• Globalization

• Privatization

• Disinvestment

• Fiscal Deficit

• Balance of Payments

• Inflation

• Unemployment

CBSE 12th Class Engineering Graphics Syllabus

1. Introduction to Engineering Drawing: Definition, scope, objectives, importance and limitations of engineering drawing.

2. Drawing Instruments and their uses: Types of drawing instruments, their uses and care of drawing instruments.

3. Lettering and dimensioning: Types of letters, lines, methods of lettering and dimensioning.

4. Geometrical Construction: Basic geometrical construction with the help of drawing instruments and its applications.

5. Conic Sections: Introduction to ellipse, hyperbola and parabola and construction of conic sections.

6. Projections: Types of projection, orthographic projections and their applications.

7. Sectional Views: Introduction to sectional views, full sectional view and its applications.

8. Isometric Projection: Isometric projection, isometric scales and its applications.

9. Development of Surfaces: Introduction to development of surfaces and its applications.

10. Computer-aided Drafting (CAD): Introduction to CAD and its applications.

Course Structure

Unit I: Introduction to Engineering Graphics

1. Introduction and History of Engineering Graphics

2. Drawing Instruments and Their Uses

3. Lettering

4. Dimensioning

Unit II: Geometrical Constructions

1. Lines

2. Angles

3. Triangles

4. Circles

5. Polygons

Unit III: Projections

1. Orthographic Projection

2. Isometric Projection

3. Oblique Projection

Unit IV: Sectional Views

1. Introduction to Sectional Views

2. Full Section

3. Half Section

4. Offset Section

5. Revolved Section

Unit V: Auxiliary Views

1. Introduction to Auxiliary Views

2. True Length Projection

3. Development of Surfaces

4. Intersection of Surfaces

Unit VI: Computer Aided Design

1. Introduction to Computer Aided Design

2. Features of CAD Software

3. Application of CAD Software

CBSE 12th Class English Core Syllabus

The following topics are covered in CBSE 12th Class English Core Syllabus:

1. Reading Comprehension:

-Unseen Passages

-Reading for Specific Information

-Figure of Speech

2. Writing Skills:

-Letter writing

-Report writing

-Article writing

-Essay writing

-Formal speech

3. Grammar:

-Basic parts of speech

-Active & Passive Voice

-Clauses & Phrases

-Modals

-Tenses

-Direct & Indirect Speech

4. Literature:

-Drama

-Novels

-Poetry

-Short Stories

5. Supplementary Reading:

-Textbooks

-Abridged Classics

-Novels

-Autobiographies

-Biographies

Course Structure

Unit 1 – Reading

1.1 Reading Skills

a) Reading for Pleasure 

b) Scanning

c) Skimming

d) Critical Reading

1.2 Textbook

a) Snapshots: Main Course Book (Textbook)

b) Poetry

Unit 2 – Writing 

2.1 Writing Skills

a) Writing for Different Purposes 

b) Writing for Different Audiences 

c) Writing for Different Situations 

d) Writing for Different Genres

2.2 Writing Forms

a) Descriptive Writing

b) Narrative Writing

c) Argumentative Writing

Unit 3 – Grammar

3.1 Grammar 

a) Parts of Speech 

b) Tense 

c) Active and Passive Voice 

d) Reported Speech 

e) Direct and Indirect Speech 

f) Modal Verbs

Unit 4 – Literature

4.1 Prose

a) Short Story

b) Novel

4.2 Poetry

a) Songs

b) Ballads

c) Epics 

d) Odes

Unit 5 – Supplementary Reader

5.1 Supplementary Reader 

a) A Lost Lady 

b) The Last Lesson

CBSE 12th Class English Elective Syllabus

Section A: Reading

1. Prose

a. Flamingo

i. In the Wilderness

ii. The Hack Driver

b. Vistas

i. The Adventure

ii. The Interview

2. Poetry

a. Flamingo

i. A Slumber Did My Spirit Seal

ii. Ode to a Nightingale

b. Vistas

i. The Ball Poem

ii. The Voice of the Rain

Section B: Writing

1. Writing Skills

a. Descriptive Writing

b. Narrative Writing

c. Report Writing

d. Letter Writing

2. Grammar

a. Tense

b. Narration

c. Voice

d. Modals

e. Conditional Sentences

f. Phrases and Clauses

g. Transformation of Sentences

Section C: Literature

1. Prose

a. Flamingo

i. The Proposal

ii. Bholi

b. Vistas

i. The Rat Trap

ii. The Unforgettable

2. Poetry

a. Flamingo

i. The Road Not Taken

ii. The Solitary Reaper

b. Vistas

i. The Lake Isle of Innisfree

ii. Ozymandias

Course Structure

Unit 1: Reading and Writing

1.1 Reading

1.1.1 Reading for pleasure

1.1.2 Reading for analysis

1.1.3 Reading for research

1.2 Writing

1.2.1 Essay writing

1.2.2 Writing for pleasure

1.2.3 Writing for analysis

1.2.4 Writing for research

Unit 2: Poetry

2.1 Introduction to Poetry

2.2 Types of Poetry

2.3 Poetry Analysis

2.4 Writing Poetry

Unit 3: Drama

3.1 Introduction to Drama

3.2 Types of Drama

3.3 Drama Analysis

3.4 Writing Drama

Unit 4: Fiction

4.1 Introduction to Fiction

4.2 Types of Fiction

4.3 Fiction Analysis

4.4 Writing Fiction

Unit 5: Language

5.1 Introduction to Language

5.2 Types of Language

5.3 Language Analysis

5.4 Language in Context

Unit 6: Grammar

6.1 Introduction to Grammar

6.2 Types of Grammar

6.3 Grammar Analysis

6.4 Grammar in Context

CBSE 12th Class Geography Syllabus

1. Fundamentals of Physical Geography

2. Geomorphology

3. Climatology

4. Biogeography

5. Oceanography

6. Historical Geography

7. Regional Planning

8. Population Geography

9. Economic Geography

10. Political Geography

11. Human Geography

12. Practical Work in Geography

Course Structure

I. The Fundamentals of Geography

1. Meaning and Scope of Geography

2. Physical and Human Geography

3. Tools of Geographical Study

4. Maps

II. India – People and Economy

1. India – People and Economy

2. Physical Features of India

3. Drainage System of India

4. Climate of India

5. Natural Vegetation of India

6. Population of India

7. Human Development in India

III. World Geography

1. World Map

2. Physical Features of the World

3. World Climate

4. Natural Vegetation of the World

5. Population of the World

6. Human Development in the World

IV. Agriculture

1. Types of Agriculture

2. Cropping Patterns

3. Major Crops

4. Irrigation System in India

5. Agricultural Technology

V. Industries

1. Types of Industries

2. Major Industries in India

3. Industrial Locations

4. Industrial Development in India

VI. Resources and Development

1. Natural Resources

2. Mineral Resources

3. Energy Resources

4. Development of Resources

VII. Human Settlements

1. Types of Settlements

2. Rural Settlements

3. Urban Settlements

4. Planning and Development of Settlements

VIII. Transport and Communication

1. Types of Transport

2. Road Transport

3. Railways

4. Water Transport

5. Air Transport

6. Communication System in India

CBSE 12th Class History Syllabus

Unit I 

1. India and the Contemporary World- II 

2. Events and Processes

• The Rise of Nationalism in Europe 

• Nationalism in India

• The Making of Global World

Unit II 

3. Power Sharing 

• Federalism 

• Stratification based on Caste, Class and Gender

• Democracy and Diversity 

Unit III 

4. Popular Struggles and Movements 

• The National Movement in India (1919-47) 

• Social and Religious Reform Movements

• Regional and Tribal Movements

Unit IV 

5. Everyday Life, Culture and Politics 

• Clothing: A Social History 

• Reading the Past: Historians and Their Craft 

• Print Culture and The Modern World 

• Visual Arts and Architecture from the Eighteenth Century

Unit V 

6. The Making of the National Movement: 1870s-1947

• Formation of the Indian National Congress 

• Factors Leading to the Growth of Nationalism 

• Gandhi and the National Movement 

• Role of Political Organizations

• The Partition of India

Course Structure

Unit 1: Themes in Indian History Part-1

1. From the Beginning of Time to c. AD 600

2. The Three Orders: Rajas, Priests and Commoners c. 600 BC to c. AD 1200

3. The Establishment of Empires: Maurya and Gupta c. 600 BC to c. AD 1200

4. New Kings and Kingdoms c. AD 750 to c. AD 1200

5. The Emergence of Regional Cultures c. AD 750 to c. AD 1200

Unit 2: Themes in Indian History Part-2

1. The Establishment of the Delhi Sultanate c. AD 1200 to c. AD 1526

2. The Mughal Empire c. AD 1526 to c. AD 1707

3. Expansion of European Power c. AD 1600 to c. AD 1750

4. The Advent of Colonialism c. AD 1757 to c. AD 1857

Unit 3: Themes in Indian History Part-3

1. The Making of Modern India c. AD 1857 to 1947

2. India after Independence c. 1947 to the Present

3. India in the Contemporary World

CBSE 12th Class Home Science Syllabus

Unit-I

1. Introduction to Home Science

2. Food and Nutrition

3. Quality of Life

4. Health, Safety and Environment

Unit-II

1. Textiles and Clothing

2. Human Development

3. Family Resource Management

4. Home Furnishing

Unit-III

1. Consumer Education

2. Resource Management

3. Communication

4. Career opportunities in Home Science

Unit-IV

1. Extension Education

2. Entrepreneurship Development

3. Introduction to Computer Concepts

4. Consumer Protection

Unit-V

1. Basics of Food Science

2. Basics of Nutrition

3. Food Preservation

4. Food Processing

Course Structure

1. Food Science and Nutrition:

a. Nutrients and their functions

b. Food and Beverage Management

c. Preparation of Food

d. Nutrition for Health and Well being

e. Food Processing and Preservation

2. Clothing and Textiles:

a. Fibers, Yarns and Fabrics

b. Textile Science and Processing

c. Design, Construction and Evaluation of Garments

d. Care and Maintenance of Textiles

3. Human Development:

a. Human Growth and Development

b. Reproductive Health

c. Family Life Education

4. Home Management:

a. Principles of Home Management

b. Home Economics and Financial Management

c. Human Resource and Time Management

d. Home Furnishing and Interior Decoration

5. Environmental Science and Technology:

a. Environmental Science 

b. Sustainable Development 

c. Technology in Home Science 

d. Applications of Technology in Home Science 

6. Extension Education and Communication:

a. Extension Education and Communication

b. Home Science Extension Programmes 

c. Home Science Entrepreneurship 

d. Communication in Home Science 

7. Home Science Research: 

a. Home Science Research Process 

b. Data Collection and Analysis 

c. Interpretation and Report Writing 

d. Home Science Extension Programmes

CBSE 12th Class Legal Studies Syllabus

UNIT I – Legal Theory

1. Nature and Significance of Law

2. Sources of Law – Legislations, Precedents, Custom and Equity, International Law

3. Judicial System in India

4. Legal Profession in India

UNIT II – Indian Constitution

1. Preamble

2. Salient Features of Indian Constitution 

3. Fundamental Rights 

4. Directive Principles of State Policy

5. Fundamental Duties

6. Union and State Governments

7. Emergency Provisions 

UNIT III – Constitutional Amendments

1. Amendment Procedure

2. Recent Amendments 

UNIT IV – Human Rights

1. Meaning and Significance 

2. Universal Declaration of Human Rights 

3. International Instruments on Human Rights

4. National Human Rights Commission

UNIT V – Consumer Protection

1. Meaning and Objectives 

2. Consumer Protection Act, 1986 

3. Rights of Consumers 

4. Consumer Protection Councils 

UNIT VI – Cyber Laws

1. Introduction to Cyber Laws

2. Cyber Crimes

3. Cyber Security

4. E-Commerce 

UNIT VII – Environmental Laws

1. Meaning and Objectives 

2. Environmental Protection Act, 1986

3. Conservation of Natural Resources

4. Biodiversity 

UNIT VIII – Intellectual Property Rights

1. Meaning and Objectives 

2. Types of Intellectual Property Rights

3. International Conventions on Intellectual Property Rights

4. International Organizations on Intellectual Property Rights

Course Structure

1. Introduction to Law

2. Sources of Law

3. Constitutional Law

4. Administrative Law

5. Law of Torts

6. Law of Contract

7. Law of Property

8. Transfer of Property

9. Law of Crimes

10. Family Law

11. Law of Evidence

12. International Law

13. Environmental Law

14. Consumer Protection Law

15. Human Rights Law

16. Intellectual Property Rights Law

17. Alternate Dispute Resolution

CBSE 12th Class Maths Syllabus

1. Relations and Functions

2. Algebra

3. Calculus

4. Vectors

5. Three Dimensional Geometry

6. Linear Programming

7. Probability

8. Statistics

1. Relations and Functions

  a) Domain, Range and Codomain

  b) Types of Relations

  c) Inverse of Relation and Its Properties

  d) Representation of Relation

  e) Functions and Its Types

  f) Graphs of Simple Functions

  g) Composite Functions

  h) One to One, Onto, and Inverse Functions

  i) Even and Odd Functions

  j) Polynomial Functions and Their Graphs

  k) Basic Properties of Real Numbers

2. Algebra

  a) Algebra of Sets

  b) Algebraic Expressions

  c) Factorization of Polynomials

  d) Remainder and Factor Theorems

  e) Linear Equations in Two Variables

  f) Quadratic Equations

  g) Properties of Parabola

  h) Symmetric Properties of a Parabola

  i) Introduction to Complex Numbers

  j) Cubic and Biquadratic Equations

  k) Permutations and Combinations

  l) Binomial Theorem

3. Calculus

  a) Limit, Continuity and Differentiability

  b) Derivative of a Function

  c) Differentiation of Trigonometric Functions

  d) Applications of Derivatives

  e) Integration

  f) Integration by Parts

  g) Definite Integrals

  h) Differential Equations

4. Vectors

  a) Vectors and Scalars

  b) Vector Addition and Subtraction

  c) Vector Product

  d) Scalar Product

  e) Lines and Planes

5. Three Dimensional Geometry

  a) Direction Cosines and Direction Ratios

  b) Cartesian Equations of a Plane

  c) Angle Between Two Lines

  d) Distance of a Point from a Line

  e) Distance of a Point from a Plane

  f) Shortest Distance Between Two Lines

6. Linear Programming

  a) Linear Programming Problem

  b) Graphical Method

  c) Simplex Method

7. Probability

  a) Definition of Probability

  b) Addition and Multiplication Theorems

  c) Conditional Probability

  d) Bayes Theorem

  e) Random Variables and Probability Distributions

  f) Probability Density Function

  g) Normal Distribution

8. Statistics

  a) Collection of Data

  b) Frequency Distribution and Graphs

  c) Measures of Central Tendency

  d) Measures of Dispersion

  e) Correlation and Regression

  f) Probability and Sampling

Course Structure

I. Relations and Functions

A. Relations

B. Functions

C. Inverse Trigonometric Functions

II. Algebra

A. Matrices

B. Determinants

C. Quadratic Equations

D. Complex Numbers

E. Binomial Theorem

F. Sequence and Series

G. Permutations and Combinations

III. Calculus

A. Limit, Continuity and Differentiability

B. Application of Derivatives

C. Integrals

D. Application of Integrals

E. Differential Equations

IV. Vectors and Three Dimensional Geometry

A. Vectors

B. Three Dimensional Geometry

V. Linear Programming

A. Linear Programming Problems

B. Graphical Solution of Linear Programming Problem

VI. Probability

A. Probability

B. Random Variables and Probability Distributions

CBSE 12th Class Physics Syllabus

Unit I: Electrostatics

1. Electric Charges and Fields

2. Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance

Unit II: Current Electricity

1. Electric Current and Ohm’s Law

2. Electric Circuits

3. Magnetic Effects of Current

Unit III: Magnetic Effects of Current & Magnetism

1. Magnetism

2. Electromagnetic Induction

3. Alternating Current

Unit IV: Electromagnetic Waves

1. Electromagnetic Spectrum

2. Wave Motion

3. Reflection and Refraction of Light

Unit V: Optics

1. Optical Instruments

2. Dispersion and Spectra

3. Polarization

Unit VI: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

1. Dual Nature of Radiation

2. Photoelectric Effect

3. Atomic Nucleus

Unit VII: Electronic Devices

1. Semiconductor Electronics

2. Communication Systems

Unit VIII: Experiments

1. Experiments in Physics

Course Structure

Unit-I: 

1. Electric Charges and Fields

2. Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance

3. Current Electricity

4. Moving Charges and Magnetism

5. Magnetism and Matter

Unit-II: 

1. Electromagnetic Induction

2. Alternating Current

3. Electromagnetic Waves

4. Ray Optics and Optical Instruments

Unit-III: 

1. Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

2. Atoms

3. Nuclei

4. Semiconductor Electronics: Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits

Unit-IV: 

1. Communication Systems

Unit-V: 

1. Experimental Skills

2. Project Work

CBSE 12th Class Political Science Syllabus

Unit 1: Constitutional Design

1. Constitutionalism

2. Constitutional Design

3. Formation of Indian Constitution

4. Structure of Indian Constitution

Unit 2: Federalism

1. Evolution of Federalism

2. Features of Federalism

3. Indian Federalism

Unit 3: Democracy

1. Meaning and Nature of Democracy

2. Forms of Democracy

3. Challenges to Democracy 

Unit 4: Social Justice

1. Meaning and Nature of Social Justice

2. Social Justice Provisions in Indian Constitution

3. Equality and Discrimination

Unit 5: Citizenship

1. Meaning and Nature of Citizenship

2. Rights and Duties of Citizens

3. Global Citizenship

Unit 6: Gender, Religion and Caste

1. Meaning and Nature of Gender, Religion and Caste

2. Gender Equality

3. Religious Equality

4. Caste System

Unit 7: Political Parties

1. Meaning and Nature of Political Parties

2. Role of Political Parties

3. Types of Political Parties

Unit 8: Pressure Groups

1. Meaning and Nature of Pressure Groups

2. Types of Pressure Groups

3. Role of Pressure Groups

Unit 9: International Relations

1. Meaning and Nature of International Relations

2. Types of International Relations

3. UN and International Security

Unit 10: Globalization

1. Meaning and Nature of Globalization

2. Impact of Globalization

3. Challenges of Globalization

Unit 11: Nationalism

1. Meaning and Nature of Nationalism

2. Types of Nationalism

3. Impact of Nationalism

Unit 12: Contemporary Issues

1. Climate Change

2. Terrorism

3. Human Rights

4. Migration

Course Structure

Unit 1: Indian Constitution

1. Salient Features of Indian Constitution

2. Preamble to the Constitution

3. Fundamental Rights

4. Directive Principles of State Policy

5. Fundamental Duties

6. Union Executive

7. State Executive

8. Legislature

9. Judiciary

10. Local Government

Unit 2: Politics in India Since Independence

1. India’s Political System

2. Political Parties

3. Pressure Groups

4. Elections

5. Social Movements

Unit 3: Political Theory

1. Concepts of Power

2. Origin and Development of Political Theory

3. Models of Political Analysis

4. Theories of State

5. Justice

6. Liberty

7. Equality

Unit 4: International Relations

1. Concepts of International Relations

2. International Organisations

3. Foreign Policy of India

4. Conflict and War

5. International Law

6. Globalization

Unit 5: Contemporary World Politics

1. Major Challenges to International System

2. Major Conflicts of Contemporary World

3. International Terrorism

4. Role of International Organisations in Peace Making

5. Challenges Faced by India in World Politics

CBSE 12th Class Psychology Syllabus

Section A: Fundamentals of Psychology

1. Meaning and Definition of Psychology

2. Scope of Psychology

3. Approaches to the Study of Psychology

4. Nature and Scope of Psychology

5. Historical Development of Psychology

Section B: Structural and Functional Organisation of Human Brain

1. Neuroanatomy

2. Neuronal Function

3. Neurotransmitters

4. Central Nervous System

Section C: Cognitive Processes

1. Attention

2. Perception

3. Memory

4. Thinking

5. Intelligence

Section D: Developmental Psychology

1. Developmental Stages

2. Developmental Theories

3. Language Development

4. Cognitive Development

5. Social Development

Section E: Social Psychology

1. Social Behaviour

2. Attitude Formation

3. Group Dynamics

4. Interpersonal Relationships

5. Prejudice and Discrimination

Section F: Abnormal Psychology

1. Definition and Types of Abnormal Behavior

2. Causes of Abnormal Behavior

3. Diagnosis and Treatment of Abnormal Behavior

4. Psychological Disorders

5. Stress Management

Course Structure

Part A:

1. Introduction to Psychology

2. Methods of Enquiry in Psychology

3. Biological Basis of Behaviour

4. Sensation and Perception

5. Learning

6. Memory

7. Thinking

Part B:

1. Intelligence

2. Motivation and Emotion

3. LifeSpan Development

4. Social Behaviour

5. Psychological Disorders

6. Therapeutic Approaches

7. Applied Psychology

8. Environmental Psychology

CBSE 12th Class Sociology Syllabus

Unit I: Understanding Society

1. Meaning and Nature of Society

2. Elements of Society

3. Types of Society

4. Social Institutions

5. Socialization

6. Culture

7. Social Change

Unit II: Social Stratification

1. Meaning of Stratification

2. Types of Stratification

3. Caste System

4. Gender and Stratification

5. Global Stratification

Unit III: Social Processes

1. Social Interaction

2. Cooperation

3. Conflict

4. Group Dynamics

Unit IV: Social Groups

1. Types of Groups

2. Group Dynamics

3. Group Behaviour

4. Leadership

Unit V: Social Movements

1. Meaning of Social Movements

2. Types of Social Movements

3. Causes of Social Movements

4. Strategies of Social Movements

Unit VI: Social Change

1. Meaning of Social Change

2. Causes of Social Change

3. Types of Social Change

4. Impact of Social Change

Unit VII: Social Control

1. Meaning of Social Control

2. Types of Social Control

3. Agencies of Social Control

Unit VIII: Social Problems

1. Meaning of Social Problems

2. Types of Social Problems

3. Causes of Social Problems

4. Strategies of Social Problems

Course Structure-CBSE 12th Class Sociology Syllabus

The Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) Class 12 Sociology syllabus is as follows:

Unit 1 – Understanding Society

1.1 Introduction 

1.2 What is Society? 

1.3 Social Institutions 

1.4 Socialization 

1.5 Social Stratification 

1.6 Social Structure and Change 

Unit 2 – Social Problems in India 

2.1 Introduction 

2.2 Social Problems

2.3 Poverty 

2.4 Population Explosion 

2.5 Gender Inequality 

2.6 Caste System 

2.7 Communalism 

2.8 Environmental Problems 

2.9 Globalization and its Impact 

Unit 3 – Social Change in India 

3.1 Introduction 

3.2 Social Change 

3.3 Factors of Social Change 

3.4 Modernization 

3.5 Social Movements 

3.6 Role of Technology 

3.7 Contemporary Issues 

Unit 4 – Social Stratification 

4.1 Introduction 

4.2 Stratification 

4.3 Class System 

4.4 Caste System 

4.5 Gender Inequality 

4.6 Global Stratification 

Unit 5 – Social Stratification and Inequality 

5.1 Introduction 

5.2 Types of Inequality 

5.3 Causes of Inequality 

5.4 Consequences of Inequality 

5.5 Forms of Discrimination 

5.6 Strategies to Reduce Inequality 

Unit 6 – Theories of Social Change 

6.1 Introduction 

6.2 Evolutionary Theory 

6.3 Structural Functional Theory 

6.4 Conflict Theory 

6.5 Marxism 

6.6 Feminist Theory 

Unit 7 – Social Movements 

7.1 Introduction 

7.2 Types of Social Movements 

7.3 Process of Social Movements 

7.4 Factors Influencing Social Movements 

7.5 Impact of Social Movements 

7.6 Contemporary Issues 

Unit 8 – Social Institutions 

8.1 Introduction 

8.2 Family 

8.3 Education 

8.4 Religion 

8.5 Politics 

8.6 Economy 

Unit 9 – Socialization 

9.1 Introduction 

9.2 Nature and Process of Socialization 

9.3 Agents of Socialization 

9.4 Factors Influencing Socialization 

9.5 Impact of Socialization 

Unit 10 – Research Methods in Sociology 

10.1 Introduction 

10.2 Research Process 

10.3 Qualitative Research Methods 

10.4 Quantitative Research Methods 

10.5 Research Ethics 

10.6 Conclusion